耶利米书第52章

《圣经》耶利米书-第52章

耶52:1 西底家登基的时候年二十一岁，在耶路撒冷作王十一年。他母亲名叫哈慕他，是立拿人耶利米的女儿。 (串)王下24:18

[kjv]Zedekiah was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

本会注释　　西底家。本章1-27节,31-34节与王下24:18-20；25:1-21,27-30基本相同（见该处注释）。补充本章可能是要证明耶利米关于犹大覆灭的预言在历史上得到完全的应验。关于本章的作者，见《SDA圣经注释》本卷344页。
　　年二十一岁。在犹大历史最危险的时刻，她的领导权不幸落在一个缺乏经验，优柔寡断的青年国王手中。
　　哈慕他。西底家与约雅敬是同父异母的兄弟（见王下23:36），但与约哈斯是同父同母的兄弟（王下23:31）。几年前，尼布甲尼撒的劲敌尼哥二世把约哈斯赶下了台。

耶52:2 西底家行耶和华眼中看为恶的事，是照约雅敬一切所行的。

[kjv]And he did that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done.

耶52:3 因此耶和华的怒气在耶路撒冷和犹大发作，以致将人民从自己的面前赶出。

[kjv]For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, till he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.

本会注释　　不要把这句话理解为西底家反叛巴比伦是愤怒的耶和华想藉此毁灭犹大。犹太王背信弃义是自己选择的。

耶52:4 西底家背叛巴比伦王。他作王第九年十月初十日，巴比伦王尼布甲尼撒率领全军来攻击耶路撒冷，对城安营，四围筑垒攻城。 (串)王下25:1-27耶39:1

[kjv]And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it, and built forts against it round about.

本会注释　　西底家背叛。见@王下24:20@注释。年青而没有经验的西底家所面临的问题，是比他更为聪明老练的统治者都束手无策的。他登上王位，不是通过合法的程序，而是强大的外国势力掳走了合法的国王和许多国家领袖以后，把他扶植上台的。周围的许多国家都急于背叛巴比伦，想拉拢他加盟。他在耶利米所支持的亲巴比伦派别和假先知所支持的占多数的民族主义派别之间，难以取舍。他还一直幻想埃及会把他的国家从巴比伦的压迫下解救出来。
　　第九年。对耶路撒冷的围攻，可能从公元前588年1月开始（见@耶39:1@注释），到公元前586年7月18日结束，持续了两年半。但在这段时间中，耶路撒冷并不是一直受到攻击的。埃及国王阿普利斯（法老合弗拉，耶44:30）曾向巴勒斯坦进军，致使巴比伦人暂时地撤围（见耶35:5-11）。
　　攻击耶路撒冷。这次的围攻与以前不同，因为尼布甲尼撒想要消灭这个国家。过去的入侵大大减少了犹大的领土和人口。据一份权威的估计，当时的人口已减少了一半，可能只剩下150,000人（W.F.奥尔布莱特《圣经考古》，IX:1，1946年2月]，4页）。现在巴比伦要进攻犹大“所有余下的城市”，包括拉吉和亚西加（见@耶34:7@注释）。

耶52:5 于是城被围困直到西底家王十一年。

[kjv]So the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king Zedekiah.

耶52:6 四月初九日，城里有大饥荒，甚至百姓都没有粮食。

[kjv]And in the fourth month, in the ninth day of the month, the famine was sore in the city, so that there was no bread for the people of the land.

耶52:7 城被攻破，一切兵丁就在夜间从靠近王园两城中间的门，出城逃跑；迦勒底人正在四围攻城。他们就往亚拉巴逃去。

[kjv]Then the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled, and went forth out of the city by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king's garden; (now the Chaldeans were by the city round about:) and they went by the way of t

本会注释　　被攻破。即城墙被攻破。下经文暗示因为饥荒而抵抗失败。

耶52:8 迦勒底的军队追赶西底家王，在耶利哥的平原追上他。他的全军都离开他四散了。

[kjv]But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was scattered from him.

本会注释　　西底家朝耶利哥方向逃亡，可能想逃到摩押人和亚扪人所在的外约旦。在西底家统治的初期，这些民族曾谋求与他结盟对付巴比伦（见耶27:3）。

耶52:9 迦勒底人就拿住王，带他到哈马地利比拉的巴比伦王那里；巴比伦王便审判他。 (串)耶32:4

[kjv]Then they took the king, and carried him up unto the king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath; where he gave judgment upon him.

耶52:10 巴比伦王在西底家眼前杀了他的众子，又在利比拉杀了犹大的一切首领，

[kjv]And the king of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes: he slew also all the princes of Judah in Riblah.

耶52:11 并且剜了西底家的眼睛，用铜链锁着他，带到巴比伦去，将他囚在监里，直到他死的日子。 (串)结12:13

[kjv]Then he put out the eyes of Zedekiah; and the king of Babylon bound him in chains, and carried him to Babylon, and put him in prison till the day of his death.

本会注释　　剜了眼睛。当时的囚犯通常用矛尖刺穿眼球致盲。除了双目失明以外，西底家还要在余生忍受他终生难忘的巨大的精神痛苦，因为他最后所看到的，是他儿子们被杀的可怕场面。

耶52:12 巴比伦王尼布甲尼撒十九年五月初十日，在巴比伦王面前侍立的护卫长尼布撒拉旦进入耶路撒冷， (串)王下25:8,9|亚7:5;8:19|耶39:9

[kjv]Now in the fifth month, in the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzaradan, captain of the guard, which served the king of Babylon, into Jerusalem,

本会注释　　初十日。就是公元前586年8月17或18日。圣经提到这一天发生了两件事情：一，尼布撒拉旦进入耶路撒冷；二，他烧毁了圣殿和许多其他建筑。根据王下25:18的相应记载，他是当月初七日到达的（公元前586年8月14日或15日）。要协调这两个日期，可以假定尼布撒拉旦是初七日进城，初十日焚烧圣殿的。文字的记录不大可能有错，因为需要有一定的时间在毁城以前搬走里面的财宝。还有一种可能是大火连续烧了三天（见《SDA圣经注释》卷二98页）。
　　十九年。本节的纪年从西底家转到了尼布甲尼撒，默认了统治权从犹大国王转到巴比伦国王手中。现代的学者也是依据古代字版或其它文献上这种纪年方式的转换，来了解新美索不达米亚的国王们开始统治的大致日期（见《SDA圣经注释》卷三86-87页）。

耶52:13 用火焚烧耶和华的殿和王宫，又焚烧耶路撒冷的房屋，就是各大户家的房屋。

[kjv]And burned the house of the LORD, and the king's house; and all the houses of Jerusalem, and all the houses of the great men, burned he with fire:

本会注释　　毁灭圣殿和其它公共建筑不是攻城造成的，而是该城陷落一个月以后被巴比伦人蓄意烧毁的。

耶52:14 跟从护卫长迦勒底的全军就拆毁耶路撒冷四围的城墙。

[kjv]And all the army of the Chaldeans, that were with the captain of the guard, brake down all the walls of Jerusalem round about.

本会注释　　拆毁耶路撒冷四围的城墙。关于14-23节，见@王下25:10-17@注释。

耶52:15 那时护卫长尼布撒拉旦将民中最穷的和城里所剩下的百姓，并已经投降巴比伦王的人，以及大众所剩下的人，都掳去了。 (串)耶39:9

[kjv]Then Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive certain of the poor of the people, and the residue of the people that remained in the city, and those that fell away, that fell to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the multitude.

耶52:16 但护卫长尼布撒拉旦留下些民中最穷的，使他们修理葡萄园，耕种田地。

[kjv]But Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard left certain of the poor of the land for vinedressers and for husbandmen.

耶52:17 耶和华殿的铜柱并殿内的盆座和铜海，迦勒底人都打碎了，将那铜运到巴比伦去了， (串)代下4:12,13耶27:19

[kjv]Also the pillars of brass that were in the house of the LORD, and the bases, and the brasen sea that was in the house of the LORD, the Chaldeans brake, and carried all the brass of them to Babylon.

耶52:18 又带去锅、铲子、蜡剪、盘子、调羹，并所用的一切铜器、 (串)出27:3王下25:14-16

[kjv]The caldrons also, and the shovels, and the snuffers, and the bowls, and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, took they away.

耶52:19 杯、火鼎、碗、盆、灯台、调羹、爵，无论金的银的，护卫长也都带去了。

[kjv]And the basons, and the firepans, and the bowls, and the caldrons, and the candlesticks, and the spoons, and the cups; that which was of gold in gold, and that which was of silver in silver, took the captain of the guard away.

耶52:20 所罗门为耶和华殿所造的两根铜柱、一个铜海，并座下的十二只铜牛，这一切的铜多得无法可称。 (串)王上7:47

[kjv]The two pillars, one sea, and twelve brasen bulls that were under the bases, which king Solomon had made in the house of the LORD: the brass of all these vessels was without weight.

耶52:21 这一根柱子高十八肘，厚四指，是空的，围十二肘。 (串)王上7:15王下25:13代下3:15

[kjv]And concerning the pillars, the height of one pillar was eighteen cubits; and a fillet of twelve cubits did compass it; and the thickness thereof was four fingers: it was hollow.

耶52:22 柱上有铜顶，高五肘；铜顶的周围有网子和石榴，都是铜的。那一根柱子照此一样，也有石榴。

[kjv]And a chapiter of brass was upon it; and the height of one chapiter was five cubits, with network and pomegranates upon the chapiters round about, all of brass. The second pillar also and the pomegranates were like unto these.

本会注释　　王下25:17所记载柱子的高度是三肘而不是五肘，有可能是抄写的错误（见@耶52:12@注释），也有可能是因不同的测量方法而造成的。关于从圣殿中掠走的金属物件，耶52章所提到的有几样，在《列王记》中并没有记录。如铜顶周围网子和石榴下面的装饰带，或顶端的花瓣，一位作者没有记下来，而另一位作者则可能记下来了。那些经常从各种参考书中查找资料的人都知道，这些表面上的差异或矛盾，可能只是观察角度的不同而已。

耶52:23 柱子四面有九十六个石榴，在网子周围，共有一百石榴。 (串)王上7:20

[kjv]And there were ninety and six pomegranates on a side; and all the pomegranates upon the network were an hundred round about.

耶52:24 护卫长拿住大祭司西莱雅、副祭司西番亚，和三个把门的， (串)王下25:18

[kjv]And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door:

本会注释　　国家政治领袖和宗教领袖都遇害了。不久以前，副祭司西番雅曾见到耶利米预言耶路撒冷领袖的死亡（耶21:1,7）。

耶52:25 又从城中拿住一个管理兵丁的官（或作：太监），并在城里所遇常见王面的七个人和检点国民军长的书记，以及城里所遇见的国民六十个人。 (串)斯1:14

[kjv]He took also out of the city an eunuch, which had the charge of the men of war; and seven men of them that were near the king's person, which were found in the city; and the principal scribe of the host, who mustered the people of the land; and threescore

本会注释　　七个人。王下25:19为“五个人”。关于俘虏的分类如果有更多的信息，就可能消除这种表面上的差异。

耶52:26 护卫长尼布撒拉旦将这些人带到利比拉巴比伦王那里。

[kjv]So Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard took them, and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah.

耶52:27 巴比伦王就把他们击杀在哈马地的利比拉。这样，犹大人被掳去离开本地。

[kjv]And the king of Babylon smote them, and put them to death in Riblah in the land of Hamath. Thus Judah was carried away captive out of his own land.

耶52:28 尼布甲尼撒所掳的民数记在下面：在他第七年掳去犹大人三千零二十三名； (串)王下24:12|王下24:14

[kjv]This is the people whom Nebuchadrezzar carried away captive: in the seventh year three thousand Jews and three and twenty:

本会注释　　本节可能描述公元前598年夏天的那场战争（见@耶52:29@注释），就是约雅斤被掳的前一年。他被掳是第八年，即公元前597年（王下24:12）。

耶52:29 尼布甲尼撒十八年从耶路撒冷掳去八百三十二人； (串)本章12耶39:9

[kjv]In the eighteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar he carried away captive from Jerusalem eight hundred thirty and two persons:

本会注释　　十八年。这是耶路撒冷失陷的前一年（耶52:12），据推测是公元前587年夏天。当时习惯是在春季和夏季展开攻势的（见@撒下11:1@注释；和《SDA圣经注释》卷二109页注.）。一些学者推定耶路撒冷是在十八年失陷的，耶52:12所提供的日期有误（见《SDA圣经注释》卷三93页注6），但提不出反驳的证据。30节所记录的是第二十三年的另一次掳掠，是其他地方没有记载的。所以我们显然没有理由怀疑第七年和第十八年犹太人被掳的数目。由于当时每年发动一次战争的现象十分普遍，无疑会产生多次的掳掠。第十八年所掳的832人，肯定与第十九年大批俘虏的数目不同。
　　各次掳掠的记录并没有说明是指开始出发时的人数，还是经过艰难的跋涉以后最后到达巴比伦的人数。根据古代的史书记载，这种囚掳的结果往往是幸存者只占被迫出行者的一部分。所以如果俘虏的数目是指最后到达巴比伦的人，我们可以相信，尼布甲尼撒开始时掳走的人一定多得多，但在到达巴比伦以前都死掉了。在另一方面，如果这是指戴锁链流放的人（见耶40:4），那么到达巴比伦的各批人数，真是少得可怜！

耶52:30 尼布甲尼撒二十三年，护卫长尼布撒拉旦掳去犹大人七百四十五名；共有四千六百人。

[kjv]In the three and twentieth year of Nebuchadrezzar Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive of the Jews seven hundred forty and five persons: all the persons were four thousand and six hundred.

耶52:31 犹大王约雅斤被掳后三十七年，巴比伦王以未米罗达元年十二月二十五日，使犹大王约雅斤抬头，提他出监， (串)本章31-34王下25:27-30|创40:13,20

[kjv]And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, in the five and twentieth day of the month, that Evilmerodach king of Babylon in the first year of his reign lifted up the head of Jeho

本会注释　　二十五日。王下25:27为二十七日。我们可以推定，一个事件要分成几个阶段，可能发生在同一天，也可能不是（见@耶52:12@注释）。很难确定这两个不同的日期是因抄写的错误，还是两位作者选了两个有效的日子记录同一件大事。
　　抬头。约在公元前561年（见《SDA圣经注释》卷二第161页）。关于31-33节，见@王下25:27-29@注释。

耶52:32 又对他说恩言，使他的位高过与他一同在巴比伦众王的位，

[kjv]And spake kindly unto him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon,

耶52:33 给他脱了囚服。他终身在巴比伦王面前吃饭。 (串)撒下9:13

[kjv]And changed his prison garments: and he did continually eat bread before him all the days of his life.

耶52:34 巴比伦王赐他所需用的食物，日日赐他一分，终身是这样，直到他死的日子。

[kjv]And for his diet, there was a continual diet given him of the king of Babylon, every day a portion until the day of his death, all the days of his life.

本会注释　　巴比伦人公元前592年的史记提到了分配给犹大王约雅斤和他儿子们的粮食定量。那时距他被掳还没有几年（见《SDA圣经注释》卷二第97页）。他显然先是获释，后来被捕入狱，据推测一直关到以未米罗释放他，赐给他食物，至他去世为止。

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