利未记第14章

《圣经》利未记-第14章

利14:1 耶和华晓谕摩西说：

[kjv]And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

利14:2 “长大麻疯得洁净的日子，其例乃是这样：要带他去见祭司； (串)太8:4可1:44路5:14;17:14

[kjv]This shall be the law of the leper in the day of his cleansing: He shall be brought unto the priest:

本会注释　　关于麻风患者洁净的说明要比对其他任何污秽的洁净更加详细。麻风患者不准进圣所，也不可进营，所以他的恢复过程包括了两个礼节。第一个礼节使他可以进入营地与弟兄交往。一周以后的第二个礼节是在帐幕的院子里举行的，使他重新获得完全的参与权，以及立约关系的所有权利。

利14:3 祭司要出到营外察看，若见他的大麻疯痊愈了， (串)利13:46

[kjv]And the priest shall go forth out of the camp; and the priest shall look, and, behold, if the plague of leprosy be healed in the leper;

本会注释　　第一个礼节是在营外举行的，使麻风患者可以回营。

利14:4 就要吩咐人为那求洁净的拿两只洁净的活鸟和香柏木、朱红色线，并牛膝草来。 (串)民19:6|出12:22来9:19

[kjv]Then shall the priest command to take for him that is to be cleansed two birds alive and clean, and cedar wood, and scarlet, and hyssop:

怀爱伦注释　　见怀爱伦注释-|e约1:29|
　　两只鸟──一只蘸在血中──那只活鸟蘸在被宰的鸟血中，而后又释放它得享快乐之生命的这奇妙表号，就是我们得以赎罪的表号。有生和死的混合向那寻求隐藏财宝之真理的人陈明，那带有复活之赦罪的血和我们救世主的生命联在一起，这被宰的鸟是在污水上，那流动的溪水是象征基督的血有永远洁净的功效，这被杀的羔羊是被杀在这世界的地基上，而这泉源乃向犹太和耶路撒冷开启，在那里他们可以洗净罪的每个污点，并能随意接近基督的赎罪之血，这样，我们务须尊重这给予罪人的最宝贵的特权和最大的福气，而这个伟大的恩赐所作成的竟是何等地微小，这条溪水是多么地深多么地宽和如何地永流不竭！对于每个渴慕圣洁的心灵，可得以安静歇息和有圣灵活泼的感化力，自然就与基督有圣洁、快乐、平安的行走和宝贵的交通，于是我们便能与约翰一样明智的说：“看哪，上帝的羔羊，除去世人罪孽的。”（1894.87号信件）
本会注释　　《塔木德》说这是野鸟，因为驯鸟可能不会按象征的要求飞走（第7节）。有些注释家把这两只鸟比作赎罪日崇事所有的两只山羊。那两只山羊一只归于耶和华，另一只归于阿撒泻勒。对此有许多不同意见。圣经没有说这些鸟是赎罪的。圣经是有提到洁净。但要记住这些鸟不是用来洁净的。那个人已经被宣布为洁净了。两只鸟的血并没有洒在坛上。实际上仪式并不在圣所里举行，而是在野外。这些鸟不属于任何用在祭坛上献祭的鸟类；它们是野鸟。所用的血是掺水的，只有一两滴滴在一个大得足以盛香柏木的容器里。据《塔木德》，这个容器有一肘长。所以这是一种非常稀薄的溶液，只是一种标志，显然不具有象征性的赎罪性质。这些鸟没有被称为赎罪祭，赎愆祭，燔祭，平安祭或素祭。它们事实上根本不是祭物。当仪式结束以后，那个人还不可以进圣所，甚至连自己的帐棚也不能进。到了七天以后，他才可以献他的素祭，赎愆祭和燔祭。那时赎罪才算完成（第18-21,29,31节）。见《SDA圣经注释》卷一第1111页。

利14:5 祭司要吩咐用瓦器盛活水，把一只鸟宰在上面。

[kjv]And the priest shall command that one of the birds be killed in an earthen vessel over running water:

利14:6 至于那只活鸟，祭司要把他和香柏木、朱红色线并牛膝草一同蘸于宰在活水上的鸟血中，

[kjv]As for the living bird, he shall take it, and the cedar wood, and the scarlet, and the hyssop, and shall dip them and the living bird in the blood of the bird that was killed over the running water:

本会注释　　圣经没有告诉我们香柏木，牛膝草和朱红色线的意义。芳香的香柏木可能暗示只在圣所中使用的香。牛膝草象征洁净（诗51:7）。“朱红色线”是一根用染过两次的羊毛制成的带子，把牛膝草系在香柏木上，因为它们都要蘸在血中。

利14:7 用以在那长大麻疯求洁净的人身上洒七次，就定他为洁净，又把活鸟放在田野里。 (串)来9:13|王下5:10,14|本章53利16:22|利17:5

[kjv]And he shall sprinkle upon him that is to be cleansed from the leprosy seven times, and shall pronounce him clean, and shall let the living bird loose into the open field.

本会注释　　在放鸟以前，祭司要用血水在那求洁净的人身上洒七次，定他为洁净。再吩咐那人洗衣，理发和沐浴，然后他才可以进入营地。但他还没有完全恢复权利。他还没有献祭，没有到圣所去。他甚至还不能进自己的帐棚。但他已被定为洁净，所以非常高兴。
　　这个礼节构成一幅上帝已经并且愿意为大麻风患者所做之事的美丽画面。杀掉一只野鸟，另一只蘸在其血中并放掉，象征麻风患者原来必死无疑，但后来得到了解脱。他的确已到垂死的地步。但他得到了医治。医治他的奇迹象征性地与血和水联系在一起。只有一两滴血洒在他身上，他就被定为洁净。真正的祭牲还没有献上。他还没有到祭坛那里。野鸟的血没有洁净的功效。但不久祭司要取一只羊羔来完成赎罪。

利14:8 求洁净的人当洗衣服，剃去毛发，用水洗澡，就洁净了；然后可以进营，只是要在自己的帐棚外居住七天。 (串)利11:25本章47|利15:5-11,18,22,27利16:26;17:15|民12:15

[kjv]And he that is to be cleansed shall wash his clothes, and shave off all his hair, and wash himself in water, that he may be clean: and after that he shall come into the camp, and shall tarry abroad out of his tent seven days.

利14:9 第七天，再把头上所有的头发与胡须、眉毛，并全身的毛，都剃了；又要洗衣服，用水洗身，就洁净了。 (串)民31:19

[kjv]But it shall be on the seventh day, that he shall shave all his hair off his head and his beard and his eyebrows, even all his hair he shall shave off: and he shall wash his clothes, also he shall wash his flesh in water, and he shall be clean.

利14:10 “第八天，他要取两只没有残疾的公羊羔和一只没有残疾、一岁的母羊羔，又要把调油的细面伊法十分之三为素祭，并油一罗革，一同取来。 (串)民15:4利2:1-16

[kjv]And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish, and three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, and one log of oil.

本会注释　　第八天。在营外举行第一个仪式（第3-8节）的一周以后，麻风患者来到圣所门口举行最后的仪式。
　　伊法十分之三。三俄梅尔，约6.6升。
　　油一罗革。约0.31升。

利14:11 行洁净之礼的祭司要将那求洁净的人和这些东西安置在会幕门口、耶和华面前。

[kjv]And the priest that maketh him clean shall present the man that is to be made clean, and those things, before the LORD, at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation:

利14:12 祭司要取一只公羊羔献为赎愆祭，和那一罗革油一同作摇祭，在耶和华面前摇一摇； (串)利5:18,19;6:6|出29:24

[kjv]And the priest shall take one he lamb, and offer him for a trespass offering, and the log of oil, and wave them for a wave offering before the LORD:

本会注释　　值得注意的是，洁净麻风患者要求献赎愆祭，而没有提通常与赎愆祭同献的平安祭。献赎愆祭的理由不明。赎愆祭通常是在需要赔偿的情况下奉献的；否则就要献赎罪祭。人们可能要问：麻风患者做了什么需要赔偿的事呢？用赎愆祭代替赎罪祭时，要洁净的人通常要按手在祭牲头上认罪。这里虽然没有提到，但却肯定是做到了（见利5:5；民5:7）。
　　为洁净麻风患者而献的赎愆祭有五个独点：一，所献的祭牲不象一般赎愆祭那样，可以用任何价值的祭牲（利5:16；6:6）。二，要摇祭物，而一般的赎愆祭是不摇的。三，由祭司摇祭物，而一般的摇祭是由献祭者在祭司牵引之下用手来摇的（利7:30）。四，要摇整个祭牲（利14:12）。类似的情况只出现在利23:20中。五，油与祭物一同献上。
　　许多人解释说，献赎愆祭而不献赎罪祭，是因为麻风患者在生病期间没有为耶和华服务。但只有当那个人故意做了使他无法参加服务的事情，这样的解释才算合理。
　　如果一个人过着损害自己健康的生活，就无法向上帝献上应有的服务。在这种情况下，他要献赎愆祭，并尽量予以补偿。许多人把最好的年华献给世界，在年老患病的时候才归向上帝。上帝会接纳这样的人；但他们依然亏负上帝和人类他们在年青时本应奉献给祂的服务。

利14:13 把公羊羔宰于圣地，就是宰赎罪祭牲和燔祭牲之地。赎愆祭要归祭司，与赎罪祭一样，是至圣的。 (串)利1:5,11;4:24|民18:9结44:29|利2:3;7:6

[kjv]And he shall slay the lamb in the place where he shall kill the sin offering and the burnt offering, in the holy place: for as the sin offering is the priest's, so is the trespass offering: it is most holy:

利14:14 祭司要取些赎愆祭牲的血，抹在求洁净人的右耳垂上和右手的大拇指上，并右脚的大拇指上。 (串)出29:20利8:23

[kjv]And the priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass offering, and the priest shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot:

本会注释　　仪式的这一部分与祭司承接圣职之礼相似，可能具有相同的意义（利8:23）。

利14:15 祭司要从那一罗革油中取些倒在自己的左手掌里，

[kjv]And the priest shall take some of the log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his own left hand:

利14:16 把右手的一个指头蘸在左手的油里，在耶和华面前用指头弹七次。

[kjv]And the priest shall dip his right finger in the oil that is in his left hand, and shall sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before the LORD:

本会注释　　礼仪的这一部分是麻风洁净之礼仪所特有的。在其他情况下，都没有弹油。血和油是一起使用的（利8:30），不是单用油。

利14:17 将手里所剩的油抹在那求洁净人的右耳垂上和右手的大拇指上，并右脚的大拇指上，就是抹在赎愆祭牲的血上。

[kjv]And of the rest of the oil that is in his hand shall the priest put upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the trespass offering:

利14:18 祭司手里所剩的油要抹在那求洁净人的头上，在耶和华面前为他赎罪。 (串)利4:31

[kjv]And the remnant of the oil that is in the priest's hand he shall pour upon the head of him that is to be cleansed: and the priest shall make an atonement for him before the LORD.

利14:19 祭司要献赎罪祭，为那本不洁净、求洁净的人赎罪；然后要宰燔祭牲，

[kjv]And the priest shall offer the sin offering, and make an atonement for him that is to be cleansed from his uncleanness; and afterward he shall kill the burnt offering:

本会注释　　献完赎愆祭以后，就要献赎罪祭和燔祭。赎愆祭成就了赎罪（第18节）。过去所有的疏忽都得到了赦免。最后祭司献上了赎罪祭和同献的燔祭。

利14:20 把燔祭和素祭献在坛上，为他赎罪，他就洁净了。

[kjv]And the priest shall offer the burnt offering and the meat offering upon the altar: and the priest shall make an atonement for him, and he shall be clean.

利14:21 “他若贫穷不能预备够数，就要取一只公羊羔作赎愆祭，可以摇一摇，为他赎罪；也要把调油的细面伊法十分之一为素祭，和油一罗革一同取来； (串)利5:7,11;12:8

[kjv]And if he be poor, and cannot get so much; then he shall take one lamb for a trespass offering to be waved, to make an atonement for him, and one tenth deal of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering, and a log of oil;

本会注释　　穷人可以用两只斑鸠或雏鸽来代替赎罪祭和燔祭所要求的两只公羊羔。但赎愆祭的羊羔却是不能取代的。不论是贫是富，他都必须预备。另外对穷人所要求的细面也有所减少，只要细面伊法十分之一（约2.2升），而不是第10节所说的伊法十分之三。一罗革油不变。
　　除了这些例外，仪式均按第10-20节所描述的进行。那人过去的所有疏忽都得到了赦免。赎罪完成了。他完全恢复了会众中一员的资格，可以再次参加各种宗教礼节。

利14:22 又照他的力量取两只斑鸠或是两只雏鸽，一只作赎罪祭，一只作燔祭。 (串)利12:8

[kjv]And two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, such as he is able to get; and the one shall be a sin offering, and the other a burnt offering.

利14:23 第八天，要为洁净，把这些带到会幕门口、耶和华面前，交给祭司。

[kjv]And he shall bring them on the eighth day for his cleansing unto the priest, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, before the LORD.

利14:24 祭司要把赎愆祭的羊羔和那一罗革油一同作摇祭，在耶和华面前摇一摇。 (串)本章12

[kjv]And the priest shall take the lamb of the trespass offering, and the log of oil, and the priest shall wave them for a wave offering before the LORD:

利14:25 要宰了赎愆祭的羊羔，取些赎愆祭牲的血，抹在那求洁净人的右耳垂上和右手的大拇指上，并右脚的大拇指上。 (串)本章25-29本章14-18

[kjv]And he shall kill the lamb of the trespass offering, and the priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass offering, and put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe

本会注释　　第十四章补充注释
　　把大麻风患者隔离在营外的做法无疑是因为该病的特殊性。真正的大麻风患者通常是必死无疑的，到了晚期简直就是“活死人”，身体的许多部分都坏死腐烂了。最后他就象一个幽灵，成了犯罪工价的形象比喻。所以历代以来，犹太人和基督徒注释家都认为大麻风是犯罪及其后果的象征。
　　一个因大麻风嫌疑而被隔离在营外的人，一旦有了康复的迹象，就可以叫祭司过来。祭司在接到请求时有义务去看他。有时祭司一定会很勉强。他可能会觉得患者肯定没有好转，就不耐烦并不愿意回应。他需要忍耐，对特别需要同情的麻风患者始终不失恻隐之心。他必须学会不忌讳麻风患者，怜悯并帮助他。这是上帝今日的仆人所要学习的功课。上帝今日的传道人要象古时的祭司一样，必须“能体谅”（来5:2）。
　　大麻风不是特别疼痛，但它所带来的恐惧要严重影响患者的一生。同样，我们可能并不会强烈地感受到罪恶，没有意识到它的可怕性质。大麻风是有腐蚀性的，几乎是不知不觉地潜入患者，直至形成溃疡和红肉，破坏人体的各个部分。罪也是这样腐蚀所有属灵的生命和美丽，尽管在外表上没有明显的迹象显示内在的状态。最后疾病在外面表现出来了。那人成为一具令人作呕的一个活骷髅。罪的结局也是这样。人身上的上帝形象要完全抹去。大麻风和罪都是以死亡而告终。因此麻风病似乎特别适合象征罪恶的各个方面。这是任何其他的疾病所不比的。

利14:26 祭司要把些油倒在自己的左手掌里，

[kjv]And the priest shall pour of the oil into the palm of his own left hand:

利14:27 把左手里的油，在耶和华面前，用右手的一个指头弹七次，

[kjv]And the priest shall sprinkle with his right finger some of the oil that is in his left hand seven times before the LORD:

利14:28 又把手里的油抹些在那求洁净人的右耳垂上和右手的大拇指上，并右脚的大拇指上，就是抹赎愆祭之血的原处。

[kjv]And the priest shall put of the oil that is in his hand upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the place of the blood of the trespass offering:

利14:29 祭司手里所剩的油要抹在那求洁净人的头上，在耶和华面前为他赎罪。

[kjv]And the rest of the oil that is in the priest's hand he shall put upon the head of him that is to be cleansed, to make an atonement for him before the LORD.

利14:30 那人又要照他的力量献上一只斑鸠或是一只雏鸽， (串)本章22利15:14,15

[kjv]And he shall offer the one of the turtledoves, or of the young pigeons, such as he can get;

利14:31 就是他所能办的，一只为赎罪祭，一只为燔祭，与素祭一同献上；祭司要在耶和华面前为他赎罪。

[kjv]Even such as he is able to get, the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, with the meat offering: and the priest shall make an atonement for him that is to be cleansed before the LORD.

利14:32 这是那有大麻疯灾病的人、不能将关乎得洁净之物预备够数的条例。”

[kjv]This is the law of him in whom is the plague of leprosy, whose hand is not able to get that which pertaineth to his cleansing.

利14:33 耶和华晓谕摩西、亚伦说：

[kjv]And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying,

利14:34 “你们到了我赐给你们为业的迦南地，我若使你们所得为业之地的房屋中有大麻疯的灾病， (串)利17:8申32:49

[kjv]When ye be come into the land of Canaan, which I give to you for a possession, and I put the plague of leprosy in a house of the land of your possession;

本会注释　　不一定是指上帝直接的作为。圣经中许多类似的说法显然并不是上帝的直接作为。例如上帝养活鸟（路12:24）。祂使房屋有灾病时，可能是祂的直接的作为，也有可能是由于人未能聪明地建造房屋。

利14:35 房主就要去告诉祭司说：‘据我看，房屋中似乎有灾病。’

[kjv]And he that owneth the house shall come and tell the priest, saying, It seemeth to me there is as it were a plague in the house:

利14:36 祭司还没有进去察看灾病以前，就要吩咐人把房子腾空，免得房子里所有的都成了不洁净；然后祭司要进去察看房子。

[kjv]Then the priest shall command that they empty the house, before the priest go into it to see the plague, that all that is in the house be not made unclean: and afterward the priest shall go in to see the house:

利14:37 他要察看那灾病，灾病若在房子的墙上有发绿或发红的凹斑纹，现象洼于墙，

[kjv]And he shall look on the plague, and, behold, if the plague be in the walls of the house with hollow strakes, greenish or reddish, which in sight are lower than the wall;

利14:38 祭司就要出到房门外，把房子封锁七天。

[kjv]Then the priest shall go out of the house to the door of the house, and shut up the house seven days:

利14:39 第七天，祭司要再去察看，灾病若在房子的墙上发散，

[kjv]And the priest shall come again the seventh day, and shall look: and, behold, if the plague be spread in the walls of the house;

利14:40 就要吩咐人把那有灾病的石头挖出来，扔在城外不洁净之处；

[kjv]Then the priest shall command that they take away the stones in which the plague is, and they shall cast them into an unclean place without the city:

利14:41 也要叫人刮房内的四围，所刮掉的灰泥要倒在城外不洁净之处；

[kjv]And he shall cause the house to be scraped within round about, and they shall pour out the dust that they scrape off without the city into an unclean place:

利14:42 又要用别的石头代替那挖出来的石头，要另用灰泥墁房子。

[kjv]And they shall take other stones, and put them in the place of those stones; and he shall take other morter, and shall plaister the house.

利14:43 “他挖出石头，刮了房子，墁了以后，灾病若在房子里又发现，

[kjv]And if the plague come again, and break out in the house, after that he hath taken away the stones, and after he hath scraped the house, and after it is plaistered;

利14:44 祭司就要进去察看，灾病若在房子里发散，这就是房内蚕食的大麻疯，是不洁净。 (串)利13:51

[kjv]Then the priest shall come and look, and, behold, if the plague be spread in the house, it is a fretting leprosy in the house; it is unclean.

利14:45 他就要拆毁房子，把石头、木头、灰泥都搬到城外不洁净之处。 (串)亚5:4

[kjv]And he shall break down the house, the stones of it, and the timber thereof, and all the morter of the house; and he shall carry them forth out of the city into an unclean place.

利14:46 在房子封锁的时候，进去的人必不洁净到晚上；

[kjv]Moreover he that goeth into the house all the while that it is shut up shall be unclean until the even.

利14:47 在房子里躺着的必洗衣服；在房子里吃饭的也必洗衣服。 (串)利11:25

[kjv]And he that lieth in the house shall wash his clothes; and he that eateth in the house shall wash his clothes.

利14:48 “房子墁了以后，祭司若进去察看，见灾病在房内没有发散，就要定房子为洁净，因为灾病已经消除。

[kjv]And if the priest shall come in, and look upon it, and, behold, the plague hath not spread in the house, after the house was plaistered: then the priest shall pronounce the house clean, because the plague is healed.

利14:49 要为洁净房子取两只鸟和香柏木、朱红色线并牛膝草， (串)本章52

[kjv]And he shall take to cleanse the house two birds, and cedar wood, and scarlet, and hyssop:

本会注释　　房屋不仅要用鸟血和活水洁净，还要用“香柏木、牛膝草，并朱红色线”洁净（第52节）。

利14:50 用瓦器盛活水，把一只鸟宰在上面， (串)本章5

[kjv]And he shall kill the one of the birds in an earthen vessel over running water:

利14:51 把香柏木、牛膝草、朱红色线，并那活鸟，都蘸在被宰的鸟血中与活水中，用以洒房子七次。

[kjv]And he shall take the cedar wood, and the hyssop, and the scarlet, and the living bird, and dip them in the blood of the slain bird, and in the running water, and sprinkle the house seven times:

利14:52 要用鸟血、活水、活鸟、香柏木、牛膝草，并朱红色线，洁净那房子。

[kjv]And he shall cleanse the house with the blood of the bird, and with the running water, and with the living bird, and with the cedar wood, and with the hyssop, and with the scarlet:

利14:53 但要把活鸟放在城外田野里。这样洁净房子（原文作为房子赎罪），房子就洁净了。” (串)本章7

[kjv]But he shall let go the living bird out of the city into the open fields, and make an atonement for the house: and it shall be clean.

利14:54 这是为各类大麻疯的灾病和头疥， (串)利13:30

[kjv]This is the law for all manner of plague of leprosy, and scall,

利14:55 并衣服与房子的大麻疯， (串)利13:47

[kjv]And for the leprosy of a garment, and of a house,

利14:56 以及疖子、癣、火斑所立的条例， (串)利13:2

[kjv]And for a rising, and for a scab, and for a bright spot:

利14:57 指明何时为洁净，何时为不洁净。这是大麻疯的条例。 (串)利10:10

[kjv]To teach when it is unclean, and when it is clean: this is the law of leprosy.

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