以斯拉书第5章

《圣经》以斯拉书-第5章

拉5:1 那时，先知哈该和易多的孙子撒迦利亚奉以色列上帝的名向犹大和耶路撒冷的犹大人说劝勉的话。 (串)该1:1|亚1:1

†[吕]那时有神言人们、神言人哈该和易多的孙子撒迦利亚、奉以色列之上帝的名传讲神言、鼓励在犹大和耶路撒冷的犹大人。

†[思]那时，有哈盖和依多的儿子匝加利亚二位先知，受感动奉以色列天主的名，劝勉在犹大和的犹太人。

†[当代]当时有两位先知，一位是哈该，一位是易多的孙子撒迦利亚，他们奉以色列上帝的名劝勉鼓励耶路撒冷和犹大的犹太人；于是，撒拉铁的儿子所罗巴伯和约萨达的儿子耶书亚就重新振作起来，领导民众一同动手继续在耶路撒冷兴建上帝的殿，两位先知也从旁鼓励和帮助他们。

†[新译]那时，哈该先知和易多的儿子撒迦利亚先知奉以色列　神的名，向在犹大地和耶路撒冷的犹大人传讲信息。

†[Wlb]先知哈该、与易多孙撒迦利亚奉以色列上帝之名、传预言于犹大及耶路撒冷之犹大人、

†[Xdv]那时，有两个先知──哈该和易多的儿子撒迦利亚──奉以色列上帝的名向住在犹大和耶路撒冷的犹太人传讲信息。

†[Kjv]Then the prophets, Haggai the prophet, and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied unto the Jews that were in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel, even unto them.

†[Nkjv]Then the prophet Haggai and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophets, prophesied to the Jews who were in Judah and Jerusalem, in the name of the God of Israel, who was over them.

†[BBE]Now the prophets Haggai and Zechariah, the son of Iddo, were preaching to the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel.

†[GNT] At that time two prophets, Haggai and Zechariah son of Iddo, began to speak in the name of the God of Israel to the Jews who lived in Judah and Jerusalem.

†[NIV]Now Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the prophet, a descendant of Iddo, prophesied to the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel, who was over them.

本会注释　　那时，先知。这是犹太人回归后第一次提到先知在他们中间工作。自从但以理在“波斯王居鲁斯第三年” 发出最后的信息（但10:1）以来，预言沉默了大约十六年。现在又开始发声了。由于我们拥有这里所提到的两个先知──哈该和撒迦利亚的著作，我们就十分了解他们如何鼓励并引导圣殿的重建工作。从他们的话中可以得知，长久拖延实现重建圣殿的热望，已在百姓心中产生了不良的影响。他们讨上帝的喜悦，重建圣殿及其崇祀的真诚努力遭到了阻碍以后，他们的热情渐渐减退了。追求安逸的自私愿望代替了对上帝荣耀的热心。
　　他们没有寻找机会重新开工，而是默许了无限期的拖延，说：“建造耶和华殿的时候尚未来到”（该1:2）。他们把推进工程的念头放在一边，集中精力为自己建造安舒的家宅（该1:4,9）。这种自我的满足受到了上帝的惩罚：庄稼欠收，经济困难（该1:6,1:9-11），政治动荡（亚1:12-2:9）。人们没有意识到这些状况是上帝不悦的表现。所以上帝派遣人作为代表，向人们解释他们目前处境的意义，并激起他们新的热情。
　　哈该。我们只知道他的名字以及在这个非常重要的时期工作了几个月。这个名字在以色列早期历史中出现的次数要大大多于被掳以后。在厄勒番丁岛公元五世纪的亚兰语文献上有11个名叫哈该的犹太人。巴勒斯坦所发掘的文献里也有这个名字。也许是先知哈该的成功服务使这个名字受人喜爱。
　　易多的孙子撒迦利亚。（亚1:1；见@代上6:13,14@注释）。撒迦利亚的要么没有他的祖父的名气大，要么早死，结果可能撒迦利亚是在他祖父家养大的。
　　说劝勉的话。有文本为“说预言”。预言并不是像一般人所理解的那样，专讲未来的事。大多数预言的信息是劝勉和教诲。传达这些信息的人被称呼为先知，因为他们奉上帝的指示说话。他们按上帝的指示说话，就被称为说预言。

拉5:2 于是撒拉铁的儿子所罗巴伯和约萨达的儿子耶书亚都起来动手建造耶路撒冷上帝的殿，有上帝的先知在那里帮助他们。 (串)代上3:19拉3:2太1:12路3:27|拉6:14

†[吕]于是撒拉鉄的儿子所罗巴伯和约萨达的儿子耶书亚都起来，动手重建在耶路撒冷的上帝之殿；同他们在一起的有上帝的神言人在支持着他们。

†[思]于是沙耳提耳的儿子则鲁巴贝耳，和约匝达克的儿子耶叔亚起来，下手修建耶路撒冷的天主殿宇；身边有天主的二位先知，鼓励人民。

†[当代]－

†[新译]于是，撒拉铁的儿子所罗巴伯和约萨达的儿子耶书亚都起来，开始重建在耶路撒冷的　神的殿，　神的先知们和他们在一起，帮助他们。

†[Wlb]于是撒拉铁子所罗巴伯、约萨达子耶书亚、咸起、肇建耶路撒冷上帝之室、上帝之先知偕而助之、

†[Xdv]撒拉铁的儿子所罗巴伯和约萨达的儿子耶书亚听到他们的信息，就开始重建在耶路撒冷的圣殿，两个先知帮助他们。

†[Kjv]Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and began to build the house of God which is at Jerusalem: and with them were the prophets of God helping them.

†[Nkjv]So Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel and Jeshua the son of Jozadak rose up and began to build the house of God which is in Jerusalem; and the prophets of God were with them, helping them.

†[BBE]Then Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, got up and made a start at building the house of God at Jerusalem: and the prophets of God were with them, helping them.

†[GNT] When Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Joshua son of Jehozadak heard their messages, they began to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem, and the two prophets helped them.

†[NIV]Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Jeshua son of Jozadak set to work to rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem. And the prophets of God were with them, helping them.

本会注释　　所罗巴伯。百姓政治和属灵上的领袖依然是居鲁斯年代的那些人。哈该的第一个信息就是专门传给他们的。哈该和撒迦利亚在不同场合所发的其他信息，也是帮助和鼓励他们工作（该1:1；2:21-23；亚3:1-10；4:6-10）。
　　起来动手建造耶路撒冷上帝的殿。哈该提供的日期说明了恢复建造工作的步骤。第一次动工的呼吁是在公元前520年8月29日发出的（该1:1）。这次呼吁是成功的。因为领袖们显然马上开始制定计划，并在约三个星期以后，即公元前520年9月21日动工（该1:15）。工地清理完毕，挖好地沟准备重新安放根基时，由于新建的圣殿在规模和外观上均不能与所罗门的圣殿媲美，百姓中发出了失望的声音（该2:3,9；参拉3:12,13）。于是哈该在10月17日（该2:1）发出了另一个鼓励的信息。这一次是针对百姓的。两个月以后，安放根基的工作准备就绪，就在公元前520年12月18日，按照东方的习俗举行了庆典（该2:10,18）。当天哈该发表了两次演讲。后一次演讲我们有一些记录。两个月以后，哈该发表了他的第一个书面信息，撒迦利亚加入了他的工作（亚1:1）。把《哈该书》和《撒迦利亚书》一起研究，更能证实拉5:2的准确性，就是“上帝的先知在那里帮助他们”重建圣殿。他们鼓舞，劝勉和教诲的信息，为工程作出了很大的贡献。实际上如果没有他们的鼓励，圣殿可能继续荒芜。

拉5:3 当时河西的总督达乃和示他波斯乃，并他们的同党来问说：“谁降旨让你们建造这殿，修成这墙呢？” (串)拉6:6,13|拉4:12

†[吕]当时大河以西那边的的巡抚达乃和示他波斯乃、跟他们的同僚、来见他们，这样问他们说：“谁下谕旨叫你们建造这殿，把这建筑物筑完呢？”

†[思]当时，河西州长塔特乃和舍达波则乃，以及他们的同僚，来到他们那，问他们说：“谁给了你们许可，建这殿，修理城墙呢？

†[当代]当时河西的总督达乃、示他波斯乃和他们的同党一看见以色列人动工，就马上来质问他们说：“是谁批准你们重建这座殿和修筑城墙的呢？”

†[新译]当时，河西那边的总督达乃和示他波斯乃，以及他们的同僚来到他们那里，这样问他们说：“谁下令叫你们重建这殿，完成这工程呢？”

†[Wlb]时、河西方伯达乃、及示他波斯乃、与其同侪至曰、建此室、成此垣、谁颁斯谕、

†[Xdv]几乎在同时，河西省省长达乃、示他波斯乃，以及同僚官员们赶到耶路撒冷，责问他们说：“谁下令准你们建造和装修这殿呢？”

†[Kjv]At the same time came to them Tatnai, governor on this side the river, and Shetharboznai and their companions, and said thus unto them, Who hath commanded you to build this house, and to make up this wall?

†[Nkjv]At the same time Tattenai the governor of the region beyond the River and Shethar-Boznai and their companions came to them and spoke thus to them: "Who has commanded you to build this temple and finish this wall?"

†[BBE]At the same time, Tattenai, ruler of the land across the river, and Shethar-bozenai, and their men, came to them and said, Who gave you orders to go on building this house and this wall?

†[GNT] Almost at once Governor Tattenai of West-of-Euphrates, Shethar Bozenai, and their fellow officials came to Jerusalem and demanded: "Who gave you orders to build this Temple and equip it?"

†[NIV]At that time Tattenai, governor of Trans-Euphrates, and Shethar-Bozenai and their associates went to them and asked, "Who authorized you to rebuild this temple and restore this structure?"

本会注释　　达乃。“河西的”总督是乌殊坦尼，希腊语是Hystanes。他是公元前520年春天由大流士所任命，驻在巴比伦。因为他同时也是巴比伦总督。以前人们认为乌殊坦尼是达乃的另一个名字。但最近发现的一个楔形文字文献里提带“Ebir-nari省长Tattanni”。我们现在知道达乃是“河西的” 总督乌殊坦尼总督的副手。乌殊坦尼要负责两个总督辖区，所以没有充足的时间管理这两个地方。他需要花费很大的精力在巴比伦辖区。值得注意的是圣经称达乃为pachath（总督），与楔形文字里的达乃（pahat）相同。
　　示他波斯乃。希罗多德说（iii.128）每一个总督都配有一位王室秘书。示他波斯乃所担任的可能就是这个职务。这个名字在古伊朗语中是Shêthrabûzana，在楔形文字中是Shatabarzana、Ushtabuzana。
　　他们的同党。总督的班子包括助手和仆人。
　　谁降旨让你建造这殿？他们来访可能是因为犹太人仇敌的怨言。达乃显然是一位审慎的波斯官员，他决定在处理这个怨言以前先亲自进行调查。达乃到耶路撒冷也可能不是因为有关圣殿重建活动的怨言，而是一次常规的视察，是他担任“河西的”总督以后的第一次。他到达耶路撒冷，看到正在进行的建筑工程，就询问是谁批准这项工程。使用“降旨”一词今天听来有些奇怪，但当时官方用语的“降旨”就是“批准”。
　　这殿。见@拉1:2@注释。
　　这墙。本节和第9节 “墙”的亚兰语原文，在厄勒番丁岛的亚兰语文献里也经常使用（见本书79-83页），其含义模糊。在这些文献中有三处表示“外套”，“装饰”和“细节”，另一处似乎指“说明”。但肯定不是指“墙”。 “墙”字的译法源于七十士译本和拉丁语武加大译本。如果根据厄勒番丁岛的文献，达乃提出的询问可译为：“是谁降旨让你们建造这殿，设计这些细节（或装饰）的？”

拉5:4 我们便告诉他们建造这殿的人叫什么名字。

†[吕]他们（传统：我们）也这样问他们说：“那些建造这建筑物的人叫什么名字呢？”

†[思]负责建这工程的人，他们叫什么名字？”

†[当代]他们又要求我们交出所有参与建造者的名单；

†[新译]他们又这样问：“负责这建筑工程的人叫什么名字？”

†[Wlb]我侪则曰、作此室者、其名伊何、

†[Xdv]他们（希伯来文是：我们）又要了所有帮助建殿的人的姓名。

†[Kjv]Then said we unto them after this manner, What are the names of the men that make this building?

†[Nkjv]Then, accordingly, we told them the names of the men who were constructing this building.

†[BBE]Then they said these words to them: What are the names of the men who are at work on this building?

†[GNT] They also asked for the names of all the men who were helping build the Temple.

†[NIV]They also asked, "What are the names of the men constructing this building?"

本会注释　　我们便告诉他们。 七十士译本为“达乃和示他波斯乃对犹太人说”。如果是这样，第4节后半部分就是达乃和示他波斯的一个问句：“建造这殿的人叫什么名字？”（见第6,10节）。

拉5:5 上帝的眼目看顾犹大的长老，以致总督等没有叫他们停工，直到这事奏告大利乌，得着他的回谕。 (串)诗33:18;34:15彼前3:12

†[吕]但是他们的上帝的眼目却看顾犹大人的长老，以致巡抚等并没有迫使他们停工，直等呈报上到大利乌那里，然后等这事的回谕。

†[思]于是天主垂顾了人的长老，没有让人限令他们停工，直到上书达理阿，有了关于此事的覆文。

†[当代]然而，上帝却始终看顾著犹太人的长老，所以，他们始终不能强令我们停工，只是把事情呈报大利乌王，等候定断。

†[新译]但是　神的眼目看顾犹大人的长老，以致总督等人没有阻止他们建造；直到这事奏告大利乌王，得着有关这事的回谕为止。

†[Wlb]上帝垂顾犹大长老、俾方伯等不止其工、迨奏大利乌、而得其诏、

†[Xdv]但是上帝看顾犹太人的父老领袖；波斯的官长们决定等到他们向大流士皇帝呈上奏书、得到回谕后才采取行动。

†[Kjv]But the eye of their God was upon the elders of the Jews, that they could not cause them to cease, till the matter came to Darius: and then they returned answer by letter concerning this matter.

†[Nkjv]But the eye of their God was upon the elders of the Jews, so that they could not make them cease till a report could go to Darius. Then a written answer was returned concerning this matter.

†[BBE]But the eye of their God was on the chiefs of the Jews, and they did not make them give up working till the question had been put before Darius and an answer had come by letter about it.

†[GNT] But God was watching over the Jewish leaders, and the Persian officials decided to take no action until they could write to Emperor Darius and receive a reply.

†[NIV]But the eye of their God was watching over the elders of the Jews, and they were not stopped until a report could go to Darius and his written reply be received.

本会注释　　“耶和华的眼目，看顾义人”（诗34:15）。“祂时常看顾义人”（伯36:7）。长老们做事是遵循上帝藉先知的直接指示（见@拉5:1,2@注释）。上帝保证他们在实行祂的旨意时不受阻扰。
　　《以斯拉记》的作者把达乃来访的结果全都归荣耀给上帝，但我们也钦佩这位高官的公正。他的做法行为达到了波斯官员最高标准的正直传统。

拉5:6 河西的总督达乃和示他波斯乃，并他们的同党，就是住河西的亚法萨迦人，上本奏告大利乌王。 (串)拉4:9;6:6

†[吕]大河以西那边的巡抚达乃、和示他波斯乃跟他们的同僚、就是大河以西那边的都察、给大利乌王送上去的呈文本子：

†[思]以下是河西州长塔特乃和舍达波则乃，以及他们在河西的同僚官员，上呈达理阿王奏文的副本。

†[当代]河西的总督达乃和示他波斯乃以及他们的同党，就是那些住在河西的亚法萨迦人，呈给大利乌王的奏文是这样的：

†[新译]这就是河西那边的省长达乃和示他波斯乃，以及他们的同僚，就是在河西那边的亚法萨迦人，呈给大利乌王的奏文副本。

†[Wlb]河西方伯达乃、及示他波斯乃、与其同侪、河西亚法萨迦人、

†[Xdv]以下是他们呈给皇帝的奏本：

†[Kjv]The copy of the letter that Tatnai, governor on this side the river, and Shetharboznai and his companions the Apharsachites, which were on this side the river, sent unto Darius the king:

†[Nkjv]This is a copy of the letter that Tattenai sent: The governor of the region beyond the River, and Shethar-Boznai, and his companions, the Persians who were in the region beyond the River, to Darius the king.

†[BBE]This is a copy of the letter which Tattenai, the ruler of the land across the river, and Shethar-bozenai and his friends the Apharsachites, living across the river, sent to Darius the king:

†[GNT] This is the report that they sent to the emperor:

†[NIV]This is a copy of the letter that Tattenai, governor of Trans-Euphrates, and Shethar-Bozenai and their associates, the officials of Trans-Euphrates, sent to King Darius.

本会注释　　达乃。关羽达乃和示他波斯乃，见第3节注释。
　　亚法萨迦人。一些过去的注释家认为该词指“波斯人”，但后来发现这是一个古伊朗词，指一种低级官员。

拉5:7 本上写着说：“愿大利乌王诸事平安。

†[吕]他们向他呈表，内中是这样写的：“愿大利乌王万事平安。

†[思]他们向王所呈的奏文上这样写道：“达理阿陛下万安！

†[当代]“臣等向陛下恭请圣安，

†[新译]他们在呈给王的奏文中这样写：“愿大利乌王万事平安。

†[Wlb]奉表于大利乌王其文曰、愿大利乌王安、

†[Xdv]“大流士皇帝，愿陛下长治久安！

†[Kjv]They sent a letter unto him, wherein was written thus; Unto Darius the king, all peace.

†[Nkjv](They sent a letter to him, in which was written thus) To Darius the king: All peace.

†[BBE]They sent him a letter saying, To Darius the king, all peace:

†[GNT] "To Emperor Darius, may you rule in peace.

†[NIV]The report they sent him read as follows: To King Darius: Cordial greetings.

拉5:8 王该知道，我们往犹大省去，到了至大上帝的殿，这殿是用大石建造的。梁木插入墙内，工作甚速，他们手下亨通。

†[吕]奏王知道：我们往犹大省去，到了上帝宏大之殿。这殿是用琢光的石头建造的，梁木插入墙内。这工程在他们手下作得很周到又很顺利。

†[思]奉奏我大王，我们日前去过犹大省，到了伟大天主的殿宇那，见那殿正在用一石块修建，墙上也在安放木板；这工程在他们手下，进行的非常快，又非常顺利。

†[当代]并且禀告陛下，我们在犹大看见了建筑伟大上帝的圣殿的情形，发现这座殿是用大石建造的，横梁已经安放好，工程进行得非常迅速顺利。

†[新译]奏知大王：我们去过这犹大省，到了伟大　神的殿，见殿正用光滑石块修建，梁木插入墙内；这工程进行审慎而迅速。

†[Wlb]愿王知之、我往犹大州、诣至大上帝之室、见其建以巨石、置材木于墙垣、工作殷勤、其事顺遂、

†[Xdv]我们应该禀告陛下，我们去了犹大省，发现那伟大上帝的圣殿正在重建中。这殿是用巨大的石块修建，并有大梁插入墙内。这项工程进行得非常慎重，又很顺利。

†[Kjv]Be it known unto the king, that we went into the province of Judea, to the house of the great God, which is builded with great stones, and timber is laid in the walls, and this work goeth fast on, and prospereth in their hands.

†[Nkjv]Let it be known to the king that we went into the province of Judea, to the temple of the great God, which is being built with heavy stones, and timber is being laid in the walls; and this work goes on diligently and prospers in their hands.

†[BBE]This is to give the king word that we went into the land of Judah, to the house of the great God, which is made of great stones, and has its walls supported with wood, and the work is going on with industry, and they are doing it well.

†[GNT] "Your Majesty should know that we went to the province of Judah and found that the Temple of the great God is being rebuilt with large stone blocks and with wooden beams set in the wall. The work is being done with great care and is moving ahead steadily

†[NIV]The king should know that we went to the district of Judah, to the temple of the great God. The people are building it with large stones and placing the timbers in the walls. The work is being carried on with diligence and is making rapid progress under t

本会注释　　至大上帝的殿。这是一个外邦人说出来的了不起的话。波斯人是信仰拜火教的。他们无疑认为信奉一神论的犹太人宗教与自己的宗教相似。这可能也是波斯国王和官员大都同情犹太人，尊重他们愿望的部分原因。
　　大石。直译是“滚动的石头”，暗示石头很大，需要由滚柱来搬动。古代的庙宇和公共建筑常用大石头建造。在埃及的庙宇，如卡纳克的神殿里，和后来的建筑，如巴勒贝克的罗马庙宇，或希伯伦亚伯拉罕坟墓的上部建筑里，均使用这种石头。
　　梁木插入墙内。这是一种古老的建筑方法，即在三层大石头上放一层木头。居鲁士的谕旨里曾说明这种方法（拉6:4）。犹太人仔细执行了这个命令。第一次提到用三层石头加一层木头造墙是在讲述所罗门建造圣殿的时候（王上7:12）。在米吉多曾发掘出所罗门时代的一个公共建筑，显示了这种建筑特色，所用的木材是香柏木。采用这种做法的其他地方还有赫人的城市迦基米施，和叙利亚（亚兰）北部的古城阿拉拉（Alalakh）。见过所罗门圣殿墙中成排原木的犹太老人，可能希望新殿也这样造，故向居鲁士提出相应的要求。这似乎是国王谕旨中有这种规定的唯一合理的解释。因为据我们所知，波斯和当时其他国家都没有这种建筑城墙的方式。

拉5:9 我们就问那些长老说：‘谁降旨让你们建造这殿，修成这墙呢？’

†[吕]于是我们就问那些长老，对他们这样说：‘谁下谕旨叫你们建造这殿，把这建筑物筑完呢？’

†[思]我们询问了那些长老，这样问他们说：谁给了你们许可修建这殿，打奠墙基？

†[当代]于是我们质问那些长老，说：‘是谁批准你们重建这座殿、重修城墙的呢？’

†[新译]于是，我们就这样问那些长老，对他们说：‘谁下令叫你们重建这殿，完成这工程呢？’

†[Wlb]我侪问其长老曰、建此室、成此垣、谁颁斯谕、

†[Xdv]“我们要人民的父老领袖告诉我们，谁下令准他们重建和装修那殿。

†[Kjv]Then asked we those elders, and said unto them thus, Who commanded you to build this house, and to make up these walls?

†[Nkjv]Then we asked those elders, and spoke thus to them: "Who commanded you to build this temple and to finish these walls?"

†[BBE]Then we said to the men responsible, who gave you authority for the building of this house and these walls?

†[GNT] "We then asked the leaders of the people to tell us who had given them authority to rebuild the Temple and to equip it.

†[NIV]We questioned the elders and asked them, "Who authorized you to rebuild this temple and restore this structure?"

本会注释　　犹大省长所罗巴伯是波斯政府所任命的代表。他可能在自己的官邸接待了达乃一行。所罗巴伯似乎没有向达乃显露自己在重建圣殿中所起的作用，而是要达乃向犹太人的“长老”们询问（见拉2:2,68）。长老们提到居鲁士时代波斯行政当局所了解的所罗巴伯是省长，所以他不能作为调查中他们的代言人（第14-16节；见@拉1:8@注释）。达乃来访时，犹太人还不知道他的态度。长老们可能认为在调查时让所罗巴伯保持局外者的身份更好一些。他们想，如果达乃阻止了工程，派遣有关的负责人到波斯去解释，那就少不了所罗巴伯。他的领导身份对于他们来说，在当时是非常重要的。

拉5:10 又问他们的名字，要记录他们首领的名字，奏告于王。

†[吕]我们也问他们的名字，好将他们做首领的人的名字记录下来，以便奏王知道。

†[思]我们也询问了他们的名字，为奏知大王；所以我们能给陛下出他们的名字。

†[当代]我们又询问他们的名字，好记下他们领袖的名字来向陛下禀告。

†[新译]为了奏知大王，就问他们的名字，记录他们首领的名。

†[Wlb]又问为首者谁、欲录其名而奏于王、

†[Xdv]我们也要了他们的名单，这样我们就能禀告陛下，谁是这工作的领导人。

†[Kjv]We asked their names also, to certify thee, that we might write the names of the men that were the chief of them.

†[Nkjv]We also asked them their names to inform you, that we might write the names of the men who were chief among them.

†[BBE]And we made request for their names, so that we might send you word, and give you the names of the men at the head of them.

†[GNT] We also asked them their names so that we could inform you who the leaders of this work are.

†[NIV]We also asked them their names, so that we could write down the names of their leaders for your information.

本会注释　　见第4节注释。达乃认为必须在信中报告新工程负责人的名字。波斯首都的官员们会确认名单中的人是否参与了颠覆活动，以及他们是不是犹太人所公认的领导者。可惜《以斯拉记》没有包括这份名单，故我们无从了解达乃的名单中究竟有什么人。大祭司耶书亚的名字可能列在首位，但可能不包括所罗巴伯的名字（见第9节注释）。

拉5:11 他们回答说：‘我们是天地之上帝的仆人，重建前多年所建造的殿，就是以色列的一位大君王建造修成的。 (串)拉6:7|王上6:1

†[吕]他们这样回答我们说：‘我们是天地之上帝的仆人，正在重建这多年以前所建造的殿，就是以色列一位伟大的王所建造所筑完的。

†[思]他们如此答覆我们说：我们是天地大主的仆人，重修多年以前所修建的殿宇，这殿是一位以色列伟大的君王所建完成的。

†[当代]他们回答说：‘我们是天地的主宰的仆人，如今正在重建这座圣殿，这座圣殿是很久以前一位伟大的以色列君王所建造的，

†[新译]他们这样答复我们，说：‘我们是天地之　神的仆人，正在重建这多年以前已经建好的殿，就是一位以色列伟大的君王所建成的。

†[Wlb]彼曰、我乃主宰天地上帝之仆、在昔多年、以色列之大王建筑斯室、我侪欲复建之、

†[Xdv]“他们回答：‘我们是天地之主上帝的仆人。我们现在重新修建的圣殿是很多年前以色列一位大能的王原先所建造和布置的。

†[Kjv]And thus they returned us answer, saying, We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and build the house that was builded these many years ago, which a great king of Israel builded and set up.

†[Nkjv]And thus they returned us an answer, saying: "We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and we are rebuilding the temple that was built many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and completed.

†[BBE]And they made answer to us, saying, We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and we are building the house which was put up in times long past and was designed and made complete by a great king of Israel.

†[GNT] "They answered, "We are servants of the God of heaven and earth, and we are rebuilding the Temple which was originally built and equipped many years ago by a powerful king of Israel.

†[NIV]This is the answer they gave us: "We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and we are rebuilding the temple that was built many years ago, one that a great king of Israel built and finished.

本会注释　　仆人。长老们谦称自己只是上帝的仆人，执行祂的指示而已。他们必须服从上帝的话语。
　　天地之上帝。根据厄勒番丁岛的草纸文献，犹太人在对波斯宗主提到上帝时，通常用这个称号（见本书第79-83页）。
　　以色列的一位大君王。指所罗门。就疆域，繁荣程度，及其在当时各国中的地位而言，他是犹太人最伟大的君王。

拉5:12 只因我们列祖惹天上的上帝发怒，上帝把他们交在迦勒底人巴比伦王尼布甲尼撒的手中，他就拆毁这殿，又将百姓掳到巴比伦。 (串)代下36:16-17|王下24:1-2;25:8-11

†[吕]只因我们的列祖激了天上之上帝的震怒，上帝把他们交在迦勒底人巴比伦王尼布甲尼撒手中，尼布甲尼撒便将这殿拆毁，又将人民掳到巴比伦去。

†[思]但因为我们的祖先冒犯了上天的大主，便把他们交在加色丁人巴比伦王拿步高手中，让他破坏了这座殿宇，将人民掳到巴比伦去。

†[当代]可惜我们的祖先触怒了天地的主宰，于是祂就任由尼布甲尼撒王把这座圣殿毁坏，并且把我们的祖先掳往巴比伦去。

†[新译]但因为我们的祖先激怒了天上的　神，　神就把他们交在迦勒底人巴比伦王尼布甲尼撒的手中；尼布甲尼撒就拆毁这殿，把人民掳到巴比伦去。

†[Wlb]我列祖激天上上帝之怒、彼付之于迦勒底人、巴比伦王尼布甲尼撒之手、毁斯室、虏其民至巴比伦、

†[Xdv]因为我们的祖先激怒了天上的上帝，上帝让他们被巴比伦王尼布甲尼撒──一个迦勒底王朝的王──所征服。这殿被毁坏，人民被掳，流亡到巴比伦去了。

†[Kjv]But after that our fathers had provoked the God of heaven unto wrath, he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house, and carried the people away into Babylon.

†[Nkjv]But because our fathers provoked the God of heaven to wrath, He gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this temple and carried the people away to Babylon.

†[BBE]But when the God of heaven was moved to wrath by our fathers, he gave them up into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, the Chaldaean, who sent destruction on this house and took the people away into Babylon.

†[GNT] But because our ancestors made the God of Heaven angry, he let them be conquered by King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia, a king of the Chaldean dynasty. The Temple was destroyed, and the people were taken into exile in Babylonia.

†[NIV]But because our fathers angered the God of heaven, he handed them over to Nebuchadnezzar the Chaldean, king of Babylon, who destroyed this temple and deported the people to Babylon.

本会注释　　我们列祖惹天上的上帝发怒。他们公然崇拜偶像，道德败坏，甚至将儿童献为祭，参与巴力崇拜的淫荡仪式。多世纪以来，除了少数几段时期，“众祭司长和百姓也也大大犯罪，效法外邦人一切可憎的事”，甚至“污秽耶和华和耶路撒冷分别为圣的殿”（代下36:14）。
　　尼布甲尼撒。关于最后围攻耶路撒冷，见《列王纪下》24章和25章。

拉5:13 然而巴比伦王古列元年，他降旨允准建造上帝的这殿。 (串)拉1:1

†[吕]然而在巴比伦王古列元年，古列王下了谕旨叫犹大人建造上帝的这殿。

†[思]然而，在巴比伦王居鲁士元年，居鲁士王颁发谕旨，令重建这座天主的殿宇。

†[当代]“‘然而，在巴比伦王塞鲁士元年，塞鲁士王曾经颁下一道谕旨，批准我们重建这殿。

†[新译]然而在巴比伦王古列元年，古列王下令重建这　神的殿。

†[Wlb]巴比伦王古列元年降诏、使复建上帝室、

†[Xdv]后来，在塞鲁士王作巴比伦皇帝的第一年，他下命令重建这圣殿，

†[Kjv]But in the first year of Cyrus the king of Babylon the same king Cyrus made a decree to build this house of God.

†[Nkjv]However, in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, King Cyrus issued a decree to build this house of God.

†[BBE]But in the first year of Cyrus, king of Babylon, Cyrus the king gave an order for the building of this house of God;

†[GNT] Then in the first year of the reign of King Cyrus as emperor of Babylonia, Cyrus issued orders for the Temple to be rebuilt.

†[NIV]However, in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, King Cyrus issued a decree to rebuild this house of God.

本会注释　　巴比伦王居鲁士。关于降旨的日期，见@拉1:1@注释。称居鲁士为“巴比伦王”和“波斯王”都是正确的（拉1:1节）。居鲁士在公元前539年10月攻下巴比伦。次年春天他不在时，他的儿子冈比西斯参与了新年庆典，通过与主神马杜克握手，确立了巴比伦王的身份。我们发现那年晚些时候和从那以后，在巴比伦王的文献中居鲁士“全地之王”的称号前还冠以“巴比伦王”。
　　居鲁士。在本节重提居鲁士是很重要的，为了强调建造圣殿并不是出于叛逆的精神，而是遵循国王的指示。

拉5:14 上帝殿中的金、银器皿，就是尼布甲尼撒从耶路撒冷的殿中掠去带到巴比伦庙里的，古列王从巴比伦庙里取出来，交给派为省长的，名叫设巴萨， (串)拉1:7-8;6:5|拉1:8

†[吕]并且上帝殿中的器皿、无论金的银的、就是尼布甲尼撒从耶路撒冷的殿堂中所掠去、带到巴比伦庙里的、古列王也都从巴比伦庙里取了出来，交给受派为巡抚的、名叫设巴萨；

†[思]居鲁士王且把拿步高从耶路撒冷殿内，带到巴比伦殿的天主殿宇的金银器，从巴比伦殿拿出来，交给了一个名叫市巴匝的，并立他为省长，

†[当代]塞鲁士把从前尼布甲尼撒王从耶路撒冷圣殿拿走带到巴比伦的金银器皿，全交给他委派作犹大省长的设巴萨，

†[新译]至于从前尼布甲尼撒从耶路撒冷的殿里掠夺，带到巴比伦庙里的　神殿中的金银器皿，古列王也从巴比伦的庙中拿出来，把它们交给一位名叫设巴萨的人，委任他为总督。

†[Wlb]上帝室中金银器皿、昔尼布甲尼撒自耶路撒冷之殿所取、置诸巴比伦庙者、古列王取之于彼、以付所立之方伯、名设巴萨、

†[Xdv]并且归还从前尼布甲尼撒从耶路撒冷圣殿掠夺去那些放在巴比伦神庙里的金银器皿。塞鲁士皇帝把这些器皿交给一个名叫设巴萨的人；他是塞鲁士皇帝指派作犹大省长的。

†[Kjv]And the vessels also of gold and silver of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem, and brought them into the temple of Babylon, those did Cyrus the king take out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivere

†[Nkjv]Also, the gold and silver articles of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the temple that was in Jerusalem and carried into the temple of Babylon--those King Cyrus took from the temple of Babylon, and they were given to one named Sheshba

†[BBE]And the gold and silver vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the Temple which was in Jerusalem, and put into the house of his god in Babylon, these Cyrus the king took from the house of his god in Babylon, and gave to one named Shes

†[GNT] He restored the gold and silver Temple utensils which Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the Temple in Jerusalem and had placed in the temple in Babylon. Emperor Cyrus turned these utensils over to a man named Sheshbazzar, whom he appointed governor of Judah.

†[NIV]He even removed from the temple of Babylon the gold and silver articles of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the temple in Jerusalem and brought to the temple in Babylon. "Then King Cyrus gave them to a man named Sheshbazzar, whom he h

本会注释　　器皿。见@拉1:7-11@注释。
　　尼布甲尼撒从耶路撒冷的殿中掠去。见@王下24:13@注释。
　　设巴萨。见@拉1:8；5:9@注释。这里补充说明设巴萨，即更为人所知的所罗巴伯，被任命为犹大省长。这在以前叙述居鲁士王授权所没有提到的。

拉5:15 对他说可以将这些器皿带去，放在耶路撒冷的殿中，在原处建造上帝的殿。 (串)拉3:8-10

†[吕]对他说：“将这些器皿带上，去存放在耶路撒冷的殿堂中，在原处将上帝的殿建造起来。”

†[思]向他说：你将这些器册拿去，安放在耶路撒冷的殿内，并将天主的殿宇，重建在原的地方。

†[当代]吩咐他把这些器皿重新陈设在耶路撒冷的圣殿里，并且在旧墟原地重建这座圣殿。

†[新译]又吩咐他说：把这些器皿带去，存放在耶路撒冷的殿中；使　神的殿在原来的地方重建起来。

†[Wlb]谓之曰、以此器皿、置诸耶路撒冷之殿、建上帝室于其所、

†[Xdv]皇帝吩咐他把这些器皿带回耶路撒冷的圣殿，并且在圣殿的旧址重新立基建殿。

†[Kjv]And said unto him, Take these vessels, go, carry them into the temple that is in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be builded in his place.

†[Nkjv]And he said to him, "Take these articles; go, carry them to the temple site that is in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be rebuilt on its former site.'

†[BBE]And he said to him, Go, take these vessels, and put them in the Temple in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be put up again in its place.

†[GNT] The emperor told him to take them and return them to the Temple in Jerusalem, and to rebuild the Temple where it had stood before.

†[NIV]and he told him, 'Take these articles and go and deposit them in the temple in Jerusalem. And rebuild the house of God on its site.'

本会注释　　圣殿位于上帝亲自选择的一个远古神圣的地方。在那里，上帝曾指示亚伯拉罕奉献他的儿子（创22:2）；在大卫的时代天使曾站在那里停止降灾（撒下24:16,17）；在所罗门的时代，也在那个位置，“耶和华的容光充满的殿”（代下7:1）。

拉5:16 于是这设巴萨来建立耶路撒冷上帝殿的根基。这殿从那时直到如今尚未造成。’ (串)拉6:15

†[吕]于是这设巴萨就来，安放耶路撒冷上帝之殿的根基；这殿从那时到如今都在建造中，还未完毕。’

†[思]于是这位舍市巴匝便来，安放了耶路撒冷的天主殿宇的基石；从那时修建至今，没有竣工。

†[当代]于是，这位设巴萨就为这殿立了根基，民众也随著动工重建这殿，直到如今，工程还没有完成。’

†[新译]于是，这设巴萨回来，奠立了在耶路撒冷　神的殿的根基；从那时起，到现在一直在建造，还没有完成。’

†[Wlb]设巴萨至、立耶路撒冷上帝室之基、迄今建筑、犹未告成、

†[Xdv]所以，设巴萨回来了，立了圣殿的根基；工程从那时到现在一直进行着，还没有完工。’

†[Kjv]Then came the same Sheshbazzar, and laid the foundation of the house of God which is in Jerusalem: and since that time even until now hath it been in building, and yet it is not finished.

†[Nkjv]Then the same Sheshbazzar came and laid the foundation of the house of God which is in Jerusalem; but from that time even until now it has been under construction, and it is not finished."

†[BBE]Then this same Sheshbazzar came and put the house of God in Jerusalem on its bases: and from that time till now the building has been going on, but it is still not complete.

†[GNT] So Sheshbazzar came and laid its foundation; construction has continued from then until the present, but it is still not finished.'

†[NIV]So this Sheshbazzar came and laid the foundations of the house of God in Jerusalem. From that day to the present it has been under construction but is not yet finished."

本会注释　　不清楚第16节后半部分是长老们对达乃的回答（见第11节注释），还是达乃向大流士的报告。后者的可能性大一些。达乃可能不知道大流士第二年以前这个工程已停顿多年。工程表面上进展迅速，否则达乃不会把目前的状况理解为十五年以上的工程量。也有可能从大利乌二年重新开始工程以后，已经过了很长的时间。

拉5:17 现在王若以为美，请察巴比伦王的府库，看古列王降旨允准在耶路撒冷建造上帝的殿没有，王的心意如何？请降旨晓谕我们。” (串)拉6:1-2

†[吕]现在王若以为好，就请考查王的库房，就是在巴比伦那里的库房，看古列王有没有下谕旨叫他们建造这在耶路撒冷的上帝之殿。关于这事、王乐意怎么办，请传下来指示我们。”

†[思]现在大王若以为好，就派人检查大王在巴比伦的宝库，看看是否居鲁士王，曾对重建耶路撒冷的天主殿宇，颁发过谕令，并祈大王对此事给我们颁下圣旨。

†[当代]现在，陛下若认为美，就恭请查阅巴比伦御用图书馆的收藏，看看塞鲁士王是否真的颁发过这样的一道谕旨，允许他们在耶路撒冷建造上帝的殿。恭请圣上早日定断，使臣等有所遵从。”

†[新译]现在王若是以为好，就请查考王在巴比伦的库房，看看那里有没有古列王下令，重建这在耶路撒冷　神的殿的谕旨，并请指示我们王对这事的旨意。”

†[Wlb]如王以为善、请稽巴比伦王库、知古列王果否降诏、使建上帝室在耶路撒冷、并请以王之旨示我、

†[Xdv]“现在，陛下若认为妥当，请派人查阅巴比伦的皇室记录，看看塞鲁士皇帝是否曾经下令重建这在耶路撒冷的圣殿，然后请回谕指示我们，陛下对这件事愿意怎么办。”

†[Kjv]Now therefore, if it seem good to the king, let there be search made in the king's treasure house, which is there at Babylon, whether it be so, that a decree was made of Cyrus the king to build this house of God at Jerusalem, and let the king send his ple

†[Nkjv]Now therefore, if it seems good to the king, let a search be made in the king's treasure house, which is there in Babylon, whether it is so that a decree was issued by King Cyrus to build this house of God at Jerusalem, and let the king send us his pleasu

†[BBE]So now, if it seems good to the king, let search be made in the king's store-house at Babylon, to see if it is true that an order was given by Cyrus the king for the building of this house of God at Jerusalem, and let the king send us word of his pleasure

†[GNT] "Now, if it please Your Majesty, have a search made in the royal records in Babylon to find whether or not Emperor Cyrus gave orders for this Temple in Jerusalem to be rebuilt, and then inform us what your will is in this matter."

†[NIV]Now if it pleases the king, let a search be made in the royal archives of Babylon to see if King Cyrus did in fact issue a decree to rebuild this house of God in Jerusalem. Then let the king send us his decision in this matter.

本会注释　　巴比伦王的府库。考古的挖掘发现，在王宫档案和王室图书馆的经济和政治文件中保存着宗教和文学性质的文献。在古代的废墟里，发现了上万块楔形书板构成的许多大型档案。其中最有名的档案称为亚述巴尼帕图书馆，是在尼尼微的一个王宫里发现的。还有其他国家图书馆或者档案，在幼发拉底河中心地带马里的王宫里，在赫人的首都波格斯凯（Khattushash），在乌加列（拉斯姗拉）的宫殿，在亚马拿的亚肯亚顿王宫等处发现。王室的财宝是否也保存在同样的地方，尚不清楚，但很有可能是这样。所以达乃根据可靠信息，建议到王室的府库里去查找居鲁士的谕旨，来确定犹太人的话是否真实。
　　巴比伦王的。达乃以为谕旨是在巴比伦发布的，所以建议查询保存在那里的档案。提出建议查询建议的犹太人和达乃自己都不知道，这个谕旨其实是在玛代原来的首都伊克巴塔纳发布的。奇怪的是犹太人居然拿不出这个谕旨的副本，来证实自己的主张。可能他们的敌人发动突然袭击，盗窃或毁掉了他们的官方卷宗，使犹太人失去任何合法的证据，来证明自己重建圣殿的权力。
　　达乃一定对犹太人真诚和良好的信念有很好的印象。他没有阻止工程，而是让他们继续建造，直到经过全面调查以证实他们主张的合法性，并让现任国王有机会作出决定。

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