撒母耳记上第21章

《圣经》撒母耳记上-第21章

撒上21:1 大卫到了挪伯祭司亚希米勒那里，亚希米勒战战兢兢地出来迎接他，问他说：“你为什么独自来，没有人跟随呢？” (串)撒上22:9,11,19尼11:32赛10:32|撒上16:4

†[吕]大卫往挪伯去，到了祭司亚希米勒那里；亚希米勒战战兢兢地迎接大卫，对他说：“你为什么独自一人，没有人跟着你呢？”

†[思]达味就动身走了，约纳堂也回到城？

†[当代]大卫离开了田野，就来到挪伯祭司亚希米勒那里。亚希米勒见到他，就战战竞竞地出来迎接。他问道：“你为什么独自而来呢？你的部下呢？”

†[新译]大卫到了挪伯祭司亚希米勒那里，亚希米勒战战兢兢地迎接大卫，对他说：“你为什么独自一人，没有人跟随你呢？”（本节在《马索拉抄本》为21:2）

†[Wlb]大卫至挪伯、见祭司亚希米勒、亚希米勒战栗迎之、曰、尔奚独至、无人与偕、

†[Xdv]大卫到了挪伯的亚希米勒祭司那里。亚希米勒战战兢兢地出来见他，说：“你为什么独自到这里来呢？”

†[Kjv]Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?

†[Nkjv]Now David came to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest. And Ahimelech was afraid when he met David, and said to him, "Why are you alone, and no one is with you?"

†[BBE]Then David came to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was full of fear at meeting David, and said to him, Why are you by yourself, having no man with you?

†[GNT] David went to the priest Ahimelech in Nob. Ahimelech came out trembling to meet him and asked, "Why did you come here all by yourself?"

†[NIV]David went to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest. Ahimelech trembled when he met him, and asked, "Why are you alone? Why is no one with you?"

本会注释　　挪伯。圣经第一次提到这个地点。它在《旧约》中只出现六次，四次在撒上21和22章。这六次没有一次说到它与其它已知地点的明确关系。然而在尼11:32中，挪伯紧接着亚拿突提到。亚拿突是耶路撒冷圣殿区域东北约4公里的城镇。在以赛亚关于亚述众军从北方接近耶路撒冷的异象中，挪伯在亚拿突和耶路撒冷之间被提到（赛10:30-32）。但是在那个异象还提到另外两个城镇在亚拿突与挪伯之间。亚述人抵达挪伯时，似乎要向锡安山挥手。去示剑的大路途经耶路撒冷以北，越过斯高帕斯山，从那里可以看到这城最后的景观。这条大路的右边靠近斯高帕斯山顶是一块高地，有人认为很可能就是挪伯的所在地。这个位置还不到从耶路撒冷到亚拿突的一半路程。有人认为挪伯在橄榄山上。在约柜被非利士人掳走后，会幕从示罗移到了挪伯。此前约柜放在基列耶琳亚比拿达的家里。大卫后来把约柜移到了耶路撒冷（撒下6:2,3）。因为当时约柜不在会幕里，崇祀可能与基督的日子相似，圣殿里的至圣所是空的。
　　祭司。显然指管理圣所的大祭司。有陈设饼（见6节）说明会幕当时在挪伯（见《先祖与先知》656页）。
　　亚希米勒。见@撒下8:17@注释。
　　战战兢兢地。字面意义是，“战栗，颤抖”。大卫脸上有忧虑与恐惧。亚希米勒知道发生了某种极为严重的事。大卫的态度与先前不同，使亚希米勒感到困惑，不知所措。

撒上21:2 大卫回答祭司亚希米勒说：“王吩咐我一件事说：‘我差遣你委托你的这件事，不要使人知道。’故此我已派定少年人在某处等候我。

†[吕]大卫对祭司亚希米勒说：“王吩咐我办一件事，对我说：‘我差遣你吩咐你办的这件事、都不要使人知道’；故此我和青年的兵约定了在某某处相会。

†[思]达味去诺布，到了阿希肋客那；阿希默肋客战战兢兢出来迎接达味，问他说：“为什么你一个人来，没有人随从你？”

†[当代]“王差遣我来办一件私事，他吩咐我切不要把事情泄漏出来。我已经吩咐我的部下在某处地方跟我会合了。

†[新译]大卫对亚希米勒祭司说：“王吩咐我作一件事，对我说：‘我差派你，吩咐你去办的这事，你不要让任何人知道，我已经指示我的仆人在某地会面。’

†[Wlb]大卫曰、王以事委我、且曰所遣所命者、勿令人知、我约仆从、俟于某处、

†[Xdv]大卫说：“我是奉王差派到这里来的。王告诉我，不要让任何人知道我此行的任务。至于我的部下，我已吩咐他们到某地见我。

†[Kjv]And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no man know any thing of the business whereabout I send thee, and what I have commanded thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such a p

†[Nkjv]So David said to Ahimelech the priest, "The king has ordered me on some business, and said to me, "Do not let anyone know anything about the business on which I send you, or what I have commanded you.' And I have directed my young men to such and such a p

†[BBE]And David said to Ahimelech the priest, The king has given me orders and has said to me, Say nothing to anyone about the business on which I am sending you and the orders I have given you: and a certain place has been fixed to which the young men are to g

†[GNT] "I am here on the king's business," David answered. "He told me not to let anyone know what he sent me to do. As for my men, I have told them to meet me at a certain place.

†[NIV]David answered Ahimelech the priest, "The king charged me with a certain matter and said to me, 'No one is to know anything about your mission and your instructions.' As for my men, I have told them to meet me at a certain place.

本会注释　　王吩咐我一件事。大卫无疑对亚希米勒撒了一个完全失实的谎言。大卫处在极大的危险中。他被近来形势的变化压倒了，很难根据上帝的呼召与保护看顾的明证看待现在的考验。如果他逃到撒母耳那里，可能会危及那位值得尊敬之人的性命。如果他回到自己在基比亚的家，他的出现可能会招致他妻子的死亡。他诚心渴望求问耶和华，而他能想到的唯一地点就是在挪伯的会幕了。扫罗曾要求祭司与他一同参战，所以大卫作为千夫长（撒上18:13）在发动各次进攻之前可能到过挪伯求助。
　　他现在的问题是要进行求问，但又不告诉亚希米勒真情实况。祭司确实为他求问了，这似乎可以从多益对扫罗所说的话中（撒上22:10），和亚希米勒默认不知道扫罗与他女婿之间的问题（撒上22:14,15）上看出来。大卫发现多益的在场使得挪伯的情形变得复杂。似乎一切事都在与他作对。他需要帮助，在这受试探的时刻，既得到帮助同时又保护祭司的唯一办法似乎就是这样说：即不告诉亚希米勒他这次来访的原因。大卫采取这种欺骗的办法做错误的（见《先祖与先知》656页）。
　　圣经在这里没有谴责大卫的欺骗行为，不可以看作是对这种行为的认可。圣经要求严格的诚实。
　　从当时的标准来看，大卫的隐瞒会被认为是正当的防卫。据说近东地区的民族到现在都相信，为了救命而撒谎并不算犯罪。基遍人就采取了这种策略；他们的性命被保住了（书9:3-18）。但是虽然上帝接纳了被当时的风俗所污染的人，祂还是设法引导他们达到更高的标准。祂并不因为当时的风俗偶尔或可能是习惯的作法就拒绝或丢弃他们。上帝的计划是最终对所有这些问题进行改革。
　　虽然大卫不能以无知作为他这种行为的借口，上帝仍没有丢弃他。也许他去撒母耳那里会更好一些，因为撒母耳熟悉全部问题。上帝有一千种摆脱困境的办法。如果大卫告诉了亚希米勒真相，祭司就会预先得到警告，可能就会逃脱王行凶的手（见《先祖与先知》656页）。
　　我已派定。这句话按照语法既可解释为扫罗的话，也可解释为大卫的话。或许大卫在靠近东边从基比亚到伯利恒的大路上安排了他的人，监视扫罗派往伯利恒抓捕他的官员。了解扫罗这些使者的动向，对大卫来说是极有价值的。

撒上21:3 现在你手下有什么？求你给我五个饼或是别样的食物。”

†[吕]现在你手下有什么东西没有？有五个饼么？请交给我，或是任何找得着的东西？”

†[思]达味回答阿希默肋客说：“君王今天吩咐我一件事，曾对说：我派你，吩咐你去作的事，别叫任何人知道。我已经和我的僮仆约定了某处见面。

†[当代]现在你这里有什么吃的呢？请你给我五块饼，或是任何可吃的东西吧。”

†[新译]现在你手中有什么？求你给我五个饼，或是别的食物。”

†[Wlb]今尔手中何所有、请以五饼给我、或予所有他物、

†[Xdv]现在，你有什么吃的没有？给我五个饼，或随便什么食物。”

†[Kjv]Now therefore what is under thine hand? give me five loaves of bread in mine hand, or what there is present.

†[Nkjv]Now therefore, what have you on hand? Give me five loaves of bread in my hand, or whatever can be found."

†[BBE]So now, if you have here five cakes of bread, give them into my hand, or whatever you have.

†[GNT] Now, then, what supplies do you have? Give me five loaves of bread or anything else you have."

†[NIV]Now then, what do you have on hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever you can find."

撒上21:4 祭司对大卫说：“我手下没有寻常的饼，只有圣饼；若少年人没有亲近妇人才可以给。” (串)出25:30利24:5,6太12:3,4可2:25,26路6:3,4|出19:15

†[吕]祭司回答大卫说：“我手下没有平常的饼，只有圣饼；只要青年人己经自守没有亲近妇人就可以拿。”

†[思]现今，你手中若有五个饼，请给我，或给我别的什么东西”。

†[当代]祭司回答说：“我们没有普通的饼，只有分别出来给主的圣饼；但是，你部下的年轻人却必须是没有亲近过女色的才可以吃啊！”

†[新译]祭司回答大卫：“我手中没有普通的饼，只有圣饼。只有那些没有亲近过女人的年轻人，才可以吃的。”

†[Wlb]祭司曰、我手中无常饼、圣饼则有之、惟仆从不近妇女、乃可给焉、

†[Xdv]祭司回答：“我没有普通的饼，只有供饼。如果你的部下近日没有接触过女人就可以拿去。”

†[Kjv]And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread under mine hand, but there is hallowed bread; if the young men have kept themselves at least from women.

†[Nkjv]And the priest answered David and said, "There is no common bread on hand; but there is holy bread, if the young men have at least kept themselves from women."

†[BBE]And the priest, answering David, said, I have no common bread here but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.

†[GNT] The priest said, "I don't have any ordinary bread, only sacred bread; you can have it if your men haven't had sexual relations recently."

†[NIV]But the priest answered David, "I don't have any ordinary bread on hand; however, there is some consecrated bread here-provided the men have kept themselves from women."

本会注释　　圣饼。这12个陈设饼是每安息日用新烤的饼更换下来的。根据《利未记》的规定，更换下来的饼只有祭司才可以吃，并且只能在圣处吃（利24:5-9）。
　　亲近妇人。据我们所得到的信息，摩西的律法并没有禁止仪文上不洁的人吃这饼。有人注意到在古时列国中的风俗中，甚至外邦祭司在履行职责之前都要保守自己不亲近妇人，可能利未人也遵守了这种风俗。根据摩西的律法，这种亲近使一个人在仪文上不洁到晚上（利15:16-18；另见出19:15）。可能由于王命的紧急，大卫又是王的女婿，显然就是王的代表，所以亚希米勒基于大卫和跟从他的人在仪文上是洁净的，就对律法的字句睁一只眼闭一只眼了。
　　陈设饼预表生命的粮（约6:28-51）基督。人类的食物，不管是属灵的还是属世的，都是通过中保基督领受的。吗哪和陈设饼都见证“人活着不单是靠食物，乃是靠耶和华口里所出的一切话”（申8:3）。从物质的食物来说，五个饼对大卫和他的人来说算不得什么,但是如果亚希米勒“求问耶和华”，又供应“食物”，就如多益所见证的那样（撒上22:10），那么访问祭司就有另外的价值了。要是大卫想到他所获得之饼的意义，也许还会帮助他重新认识到一个真理，就是无论他去哪里，上帝都与他同在。在前面的考验岁月中，大卫需要这种保证。

撒上21:5 大卫对祭司说：“实在约有三日我们没有亲近妇人；我出来的时候，虽是寻常行路，少年人的器皿还是洁净的；何况今日不更是洁净吗？”

†[吕]大卫回答祭司说：“实在的、我出征的时候、我们素常都是抑制自己不亲近妇人；就是平常路程，青年人们的器械还是洁净；何况今天、岂不因器械之祝圣而更加洁净么？”

†[思]司祭回答达味说：“我手中没有普通饼，只有圣饼；但是你的僮仆们戒了女色没有？”

†[当代]大卫回答说：“我可以向你保证，每逢我们出来办事，我是从不放纵我的部下的；他们平常已经是非常洁净的了，何况是这一次呢！”

†[新译]大卫回答祭司说：“像以往我出征的时候一样，这次我们出征前，确实没有亲近女人。虽然这是一次普通的任务，众仆人的器皿还是清洁的，何况今天这些器皿更加是清洁的。”

†[Wlb]大卫曰、迄今三日、未近妇女、我侪启行、虽为常事、然仆从之器乃洁、况今日乎、

†[Xdv]大卫说：“当然没有。我的部下即使有普通任务在身也都照礼仪保持洁净，何况这一次是有特殊任务呢！”

†[Kjv]And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days, since I came out, and the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in a manner common, yea, though it were sanctified this day in

†[Nkjv]Then David answered the priest, and said to him, "Truly, women have been kept from us about three days since I came out. And the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in effect common, even though it was consecrated in the vessel this day."

†[BBE]And David in answer said to the priest, Certainly women have been kept from us; and as has been done before when I have gone out the arms of the young men were made holy, even though it was a common journey; how much more today will their arms be made hol

†[GNT] "Of course they haven't," answered David. "My men always keep themselves ritually pure even when we go out on an ordinary mission; how much more this time when we are on a special mission!"

†[NIV]David replied, "Indeed women have been kept from us, as usual whenever I set out. The men's things are holy even on missions that are not holy. How much more so today!"

撒上21:6 祭司就拿圣饼给他；因为在那里没有别样饼，只有更换新饼，从耶和华面前撤下来的陈设饼。 (串)利24:8,9

†[吕]祭司便拿圣饼给他，因为在那里没有别样的饼，只有从永恒主面前撤下来的神前饼，当被拿下的日子放上热饼的、那种。

†[思]达味回答司祭说：“当然，我们戒绝了女色；我出征时，僮仆们常是身洁的；这次上路虽为了俗务，但今天他们仍是身身的”。

†[当代]于是，祭司只好把圣饼给他，因为他实在没有别的饼；这圣饼就是放在会幕里供奉在主面前的陈设饼，是那天刚巧替换下来的。

†[新译]于是祭司把圣饼给他，因为在那里没有别的饼，只有陈设饼，就是那些刚从耶和华面前拿下来，为要换上热的。

†[Wlb]祭司遂以圣饼给之、盖除陈设饼外、罔有他饼、此饼彻于耶和华前时、即以新饼陈之、

†[Xdv]因此，祭司把供饼给了大卫；因为他只有献给上帝的供饼，是刚从圣桌上换下来的。

†[Kjv]So the priest gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away.

†[Nkjv]So the priest gave him holy bread; for there was no bread there but the showbread which had been taken from before the LORD, in order to put hot bread in its place on the day when it was taken away.

†[BBE]So the priest gave him the holy bread: there was no other, only the holy bread which had been taken from before the Lord, so that new bread might be put in its place on the day when it was taken away.

†[GNT] So the priest gave David the sacred bread, because the only bread he had was the loaves offered to God, which had been removed from the sacred table and replaced by fresh bread.

†[NIV]So the priest gave him the consecrated bread, since there was no bread there except the bread of the Presence that had been removed from before the Lord and replaced by hot bread on the day it was taken away.

本会注释　　新饼。有人认为这证明大卫是在安息日访问会幕，但圣经只是说这饼是在换上热饼时撤下来的。

撒上21:7 （当日有扫罗的一个臣子留在耶和华面前。他名叫多益，是以东人，作扫罗的司牧长。） (串)撒上22:9,22诗52:*

†[吕]那一天有一个做扫罗臣仆的人在那里、有礼节上的抑制、留在永恒主面前；他名叫多益，是以东人，做扫罗的司牧长。

†[思]于是司祭就将圣饼给了他，因为那天在没有别的饼，只有供饼；即由上主面前撤下来，为另换上新的供饼。

†[当代]事情非常巧合，刚好那天扫罗的司牧长以东人多益也正在那里。

†[新译]那天有一个扫罗的臣仆在那里，留在耶和华面前。他名叫多益，是以东人，是扫罗牧羊人中的领袖。

†[Wlb]是日扫罗之仆留于耶和华前、乃以东人多益、扫罗之牧长也、

†[Xdv]（扫罗的畜牧长，以东人多益，那天刚好在场，因为他到那里去履行一件宗教上的义务。）

†[Kjv]Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul.

†[Nkjv]Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD. And his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chief of the herdsmen who belonged to Saul.

†[BBE]Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, kept back before the Lord; his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the strongest of Saul's runners.

†[GNT] (Saul's chief herdsman, Doeg, who was from Edom, happened to be there that day, because he had to fulfill a religious obligation.)

†[NIV]Now one of Saul's servants was there that day, detained before the Lord ; he was Doeg the Edomite, Saul's head shepherd.

本会注释　　留在。多益已经信奉了希伯来人的宗教，正在会幕里还愿（《先祖与先知》656页）。他许愿的详情不知。显然他有一些应受亚希米勒训斥的过犯，因为祭司的这一行动是多益后来反过来告发亚希米勒的主要原因之一（《先祖与先知》659页）
　　多益。是以东人。可能是扫罗与以东作战时带回来的人质或奴隶之一（撒上14:47）。

撒上21:8 大卫问亚希米勒说：“你手下有枪有刀没有？因为王的事甚急，连刀剑器械我都没有带。”

†[吕]大卫问亚希米勒说：“你手下这里有矛或刀没有？在哪里呢？因为王事很急，连刀剑军器我都没有随手带着。”

†[思]那一天，在那正有撒乌耳的一个臣仆留在上主面前，名叫多厄格，厄东人，是撒乌耳的侍卫长。──

†[当代]大卫问亚希米勒说：“你这里有没有刀枪可以借给我用呢？因为王的命令实在来得太急了，以致仓猝间我连兵器也没有携带就出发了。”

†[新译]大卫问亚希米勒：“你手下有枪有刀没有？因为王的事很急迫，所以我手里连刀剑或其他武器都没有带来。”

†[Wlb]大卫谓亚希米勒曰、王事孔亟、我未携刃与械、尔有剑戟乎、

†[Xdv]大卫对亚希米勒说：“你这里有没有矛或刀可以给我？王的命令使我仓促上路，没有时间去拿我的刀或其它武器。”

†[Kjv]And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thine hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste.

†[Nkjv]And David said to Ahimelech, "Is there not here on hand a spear or a sword? For I have brought neither my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste."

†[BBE]And David said to Ahimelech, Have you no sword or spear with you here? for I have come without my sword and other arms, because the king's business had to be done quickly.

†[GNT] David said to Ahimelech, "Do you have a spear or a sword you can give me? The king's orders made me leave in such a hurry that I didn't have time to get my sword or any other weapon."

†[NIV]David asked Ahimelech, "Don't you have a spear or a sword here? I haven't brought my sword or any other weapon, because the king's business was urgent."

本会注释　　有枪有刀。大卫看到多益，就认意识到自己离开基比亚时太匆忙了，以致没有时间带上任何武器，好在受到攻击时自卫。作为一名逃犯，他可能受到任何一个发现他之人的危害。

撒上21:9 祭司说：“你在以拉谷杀非利士人歌利亚的那刀在这里，裹在布中，放在以弗得后边，你要就可以拿去；除此以外，再没有别的。”大卫说：“这刀没有可比的！求你给我。” (串)撒上17:2|撒上17:51

†[吕]祭司说：“有非利士人歌利亚、就是你在以拉谷所击杀的、他的刀在这里呢，用布裹着，在‘神谕像’后边；你若要拿，只管拿去；因为除此以外、在这里再没有别的。”大卫说：“这刀没有一把能比得上的；你给我吧。”

†[思]达味又对阿希默肋客说：“你手边有没有一支枪或一把刀？我的刀和我的武器，没有带在手边，因为君王的事很紧急”。

†[当代]祭司回答说：“我只有你从前在以拉谷所杀那非利士人歌利亚的那把刀。我用布把它包著，放在以弗得后面；如果你用得著就拿去吧，因为我再没有别的了。”大卫回答说：“那刀正好合用，把它给我吧！”

†[新译]祭司回答：“有一把刀，是你从前在以拉谷击杀的那非利士人歌利亚的刀。这刀用布包着，放在以弗得后面，你若是要拿去自用，就拿去吧，因为这里除了这刀以外，再没有别的武器了。”大卫说：“没有比这更好的刀了，请你给我吧！

†[Wlb]祭司曰、昔尔在以拉谷、杀非利士人歌利亚、其剑在此、裹之以布、置圣衣后、其外无他、尔欲取之可也、大卫曰、无似此者、请以给我、

†[Xdv]亚希米勒回答：“我这里有一把刀，是你在以拉谷杀死的那非利士人歌利亚的。那把刀放在约柜后面，用布包着。你要的话，就拿去。那把刀是这里惟一的武器。”大卫说：“给我吧！再也没有比这更好的刀了！”

†[Kjv]And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none

†[Nkjv]So the priest said, "The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in the Valley of Elah, there it is, wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. If you will take that, take it. For there is no other except that one here." And David said, "There is none

†[BBE]And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you put to death in the valley of Elah, is here folded in a cloth at the back of the ephod: take that, if you will, for there is no other sword here. And David said, there is no other sword li

†[GNT] Ahimelech answered, "I have the sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in Elah Valley; it is behind the ephod, wrapped in a cloth. If you want it, take it - it's the only weapon here." "Give it to me," David said. "There is not a better sword a

†[NIV]The priest replied, "The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in the Valley of Elah, is here; it is wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. If you want it, take it; there is no sword here but that one." David said, "There is none like it; give it

本会注释　　歌利亚的那刀。歌利亚所有的盔甲都已成了大卫的私人财产。可能他先前曾亲自把这刀带到会幕作为对上帝的感恩奉献。大卫很清楚会幕不是军械库，但是或许想到那刀可能还在那儿，所以他就顺便问一下祭司有没有什么他可以借用的武器。
　　没有可比的。从这把刀在会幕中的位置和包裹的方式，可以看出它是作为上帝赐给以色列一场伟大胜利的纪念品保存起来的。大卫想到能获得这把刀就很高兴，可能主要不是因为它的军事价值，而更多是因为它不断提醒大卫耶和华的保护指引。此刻他需要这样的鼓励。

撒上21:10 那日大卫起来，躲避扫罗，逃到迦特王亚吉那里。 (串)撒上27:2

†[吕]那一天大卫起身逃跑、躲避扫罗；他来到迦特王亚吉那里。

†[思]司祭答说：“有你在厄拉谷中所杀的那培肋舍特人哥肋雅的刀。看，用外衣包着，放在“厄弗得”后面；假使你愿意拿去，就拿去吧！因为在这没有别的”。达味答说：“没有像这把刀更好的了！就请你给我吧！”

†[当代]大卫拿了食物和刀，就立刻起程，逃到迦特王亚吉那里去。

†[新译]那一天大卫起来，从扫罗面前逃走，到了迦特王亚吉那里。

†[Wlb]大卫因畏扫罗、是日遁至迦特王亚吉、

†[Xdv]于是，大卫离开那里，躲避扫罗，逃到迦特的亚吉王那边去。

†[Kjv]And David arose and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

†[Nkjv]Then David arose and fled that day from before Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

†[BBE]Then David got up and went in flight that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish, the king of Gath.

†[GNT] So David left, fleeing from Saul, and went to King Achish of Gath.

†[NIV]That day David fled from Saul and went to Achish king of Gath.

本会注释　　亚吉。亚吉在《诗篇》34篇的标题中被称为亚比米勒。亚吉是非利士语的名字。亚比米勒则是闪族语的名字。这首诗是大卫在非利士人面前装疯时写的。作为一个逃犯，大卫在以色列找不到帮助。一个国家的逃犯得到该国敌人的保护是十分常见。迦特并不远，可能距离挪伯不到48公里。扫罗几乎想不到会去那里找他。大卫很熟悉他曾为他的妻子米甲获得聘礼的这个国家。要是他信得过亚吉，就会确定扫罗不会得到允许把他夺去。
　　历史上有许多例子，说明上帝的儿女在受到本国的同胞逼迫的时候，却获得被认为是仇敌之人的极大帮助。例如耶利米因为说预言而被西底家囚禁（耶32:3），但是巴比伦的征服者们却对他显示了仁慈（耶40:1-6）。大卫的经验表显出奇怪的对比和矛盾。为什么上帝让他成为一个流亡者呢？上帝让他一天还是王的女婿，第二天就成了为饼乞求者，这里面有什么教育意义呢？

撒上21:11 亚吉的臣仆对亚吉说：“这不是以色列国王大卫吗？那里的妇女跳舞唱和，不是指着他说‘扫罗杀死千千，大卫杀死万万’吗？” (串)撒上18:7;29:5

†[吕]亚吉的臣仆对亚吉说：“这不是以色列地的王大卫么？那里的妇女们舞蹈的时候唱和着说：‘扫罗击杀其千千；大卫击杀其万万。’不是指着这人而说的么？”

†[思]那一天，达味起身，逃避了撒乌耳的面，到了加特王阿基士前。

†[当代]亚吉王的臣仆见到大卫，就彼此对问说：“他不就是以色列的最高领袖，民众载歌载舞地称颂说‘扫罗杀死千千，大卫杀死万万’的那个大卫吗？”

†[新译]亚吉的臣仆对亚吉说：“这不是那地的王大卫吗？那里的妇女不是指着他跳舞歌唱说：‘扫罗杀死千千，大卫杀死万万’吗？”

†[Wlb]亚吉臣仆谓王曰、此非彼国之王大卫乎、昔众舞蹈唱和曰、扫罗杀其千千、大卫杀其万万、非指此人乎、

†[Xdv]亚吉王的臣仆对王说：“那不是大卫、以色列国的王吗？不就是妇女们跳舞时所唱：‘扫罗杀死千千，大卫杀死万万’的那大卫吗？”

†[Kjv]And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

†[Nkjv]And the servants of Achish said to him, "Is this not David the king of the land? Did they not sing of him to one another in dances, saying: "Saul has slain his thousands, And David his ten thousands'?"

†[BBE]And the servants of Achish said to him, Is not this David, the king of the land? did they not make songs about him in their dances, saying, Saul has put to death thousands, and David tens of thousands?

†[GNT] The king's officials said to Achish, "Isn't this David, the king of his country? This is the man about whom the women sang, as they danced, "Saul has killed thousands, but David has killed tens of thousands.' "

†[NIV]But the servants of Achish said to him, "Isn't this David, the king of the land? Isn't he the one they sing about in their dances: " 'Saul has slain his thousands, and David his tens of thousands'?"

本会注释　　国王。这个结论可能不是因为非利士人知道大卫受膏，而更可能是因为他曾接受了歌利亚的挑战。这使他在仇敌中与在朋友中都赢得了名誉，成了当时的英雄。他被证明为以色列最坚强的捍卫者。

撒上21:12 大卫将这话放在心里，甚惧怕迦特王亚吉， (串)路2:19

†[吕]大卫将这些话放在心上；他非常惧怕迦特王亚吉；

†[思]阿基士的臣仆对王说：“这不是国王达味吗？在歌舞中所歌颂的：撒乌耳杀了一千，达味杀了一万，不就是他吗？”

†[当代]大卫听到这些话，便担心亚吉王会加害于他，

†[新译]大卫把这些话记在心里，他非常怕迦特王亚吉，

†[Wlb]大卫以此言藏于心、甚惧迦特王亚吉、

†[Xdv]他们的谈话被大卫听到了；他心里惧怕亚吉王，

†[Kjv]And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

†[Nkjv]Now David took these words to heart, and was very much afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

†[BBE]And David took these words to heart, fearing Achish, the king of Gath.

†[GNT] Their words made a deep impression on David, and he became very much afraid of King Achish.

†[NIV]David took these words to heart and was very much afraid of Achish king of Gath.

撒上21:13 就在众人面前改变了寻常的举动，在他们手下假装疯癫，在城门的门扇上胡写乱画，使唾沫流在胡子上。 (串)诗34:*

†[吕]就在众人面前改变了行动举止，在他们手下装疯作癫，在城门的门扇上胡敲乱打（传统：胡写乱画），让唾沫流在胡子上。

†[思]达味细想这些话，在加特王阿基士前感到十分恐惧。

†[当代]就假装疯癫，在门上胡乱涂画，又任由唾沫沿著子流到身上。

†[新译]就在众人面前假装神智不健全，在他们手下装疯，在城门的门扇上胡乱涂写，又让唾沫流到胡须上。

†[Wlb]乃于众前变其举动、佯狂、妄涂于门、流涎于须、

†[Xdv]所以在他们面前故意装疯。他们想阻止他，他就在城（或译：王宫）门上乱写乱画，让唾沫流到胡子上。

†[Kjv]And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.

†[Nkjv]So he changed his behavior before them, pretended madness in their hands, scratched on the doors of the gate, and let his saliva fall down on his beard.

†[BBE]So changing his behaviour before them, he made it seem as if he was off his head, hammering on the doors of the town, and letting the water from his mouth go down his chin.

†[GNT] So whenever David was around them, he pretended to be insane and acted like a madman when they tried to restrain him; he would scribble on the city gates and let spit drool down his beard.

†[NIV]So he pretended to be insane in their presence; and while he was in their hands he acted like a madman, making marks on the doors of the gate and letting saliva run down his beard.

本会注释　　假装疯癫。这是没有正当理由的第二个错误（见撒上21:2）。这件事的后果使大卫看到更加倚靠上帝的必要性。在新的关系中，他心里充满了感恩。受感写了《诗篇》第34篇赞美上帝。有人把大卫写《诗篇》第56篇的时间放在他第一次访问迦特王的时候。可能把它放在大卫第二次访问迦特王时更合理一些。那是在扫罗无情地追捕大卫致使他对自己的性命感到绝望（见撒上27）。
　　当我们个人受到极大的试探和考验时，当仇敌被高举而朋友们遭贬低时，当无论走哪一步都得不到忠告和所需的帮助时，我们尽可以回顾大卫逃离扫罗的故事，他在挪伯与亚希米勒和多益的接触，以及他如何逃到以色列人在迦特的仇敌那里，然后我们阅读据认为是他在那时写的的谢恩灵感的诗歌（诗34篇）。

撒上21:14 亚吉对臣仆说：“你们看，这人是疯子。为什么带他到我这里来呢？

†[吕]亚吉对臣仆说：“看哪，你们见了一个疯狂的人呢；为什么把他带到我这里来呢？

†[思]于是便在他们面前装作傻子，在他们中佯作疯子，乱敲门户，胡须上流着唾。

†[当代]亚吉王忍无可忍，就对他的臣仆说：“你们带这个疯子来干什么呢？这里的疯子还不够吗？这个家伙怎么可以做我的宾客呢？”

†[新译]亚吉就对他的臣仆说：“你们看，这个人疯了，你们为什么把他带到我这里来呢？

†[Wlb]亚吉谓其臣仆曰、尔观此人、乃颠狂者、何为携之诣我、

†[Xdv]亚吉王对他的臣仆说：“瞧！这个人是疯子！为什么把他带到我跟前来？

†[Kjv]Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me?

†[Nkjv]Then Achish said to his servants, "Look, you see the man is insane. Why have you brought him to me?

†[BBE]Then Achish said to his servants, Look! the man is clearly off his head; why have you let him come before me?

†[GNT] So Achish said to his officials, "Look! The man is crazy! Why did you bring him to me?

†[NIV]Achish said to his servants, "Look at the man! He is insane! Why bring him to me?

撒上21:15 我岂缺少疯子，你们带这人来在我面前疯癫吗？这人岂可进我的家呢？”

†[吕]难道我缺少疯子，而你们须带这家伙来向我发疯阿？这家伙哪可进我的家呢？”

†[思]阿基士对臣仆说：“他们看，这是个疯子，为什么送他到我这来？

†[当代]－

†[新译]难道我缺少疯子吗？你们竟把这人带来我面前发疯。这人怎可以进我的家呢？”

†[Wlb]我岂乏狂者、而携至我所、颠狂于我前、夫夫也、岂可入我室乎、

†[Xdv]我这里的疯子还不够多吗？为什么又带一个来，在我屋里疯疯癫癫地惹我厌烦呢？”

†[Kjv]Have I need of mad men, that ye have brought this fellow to play the mad man in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?

†[Nkjv]Have I need of madmen, that you have brought this fellow to play the madman in my presence? Shall this fellow come into my house?"

†[BBE]Are there not enough unbalanced men about me, that you have let this person come and do such tricks before me? is such a man to come into my house?

†[GNT] Don't I have enough madmen already? Why bring another one to bother me with his crazy actions right here in my own house?"

†[NIV]Am I so short of madmen that you have to bring this fellow here to carry on like this in front of me? Must this man come into my house?"

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